PHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES AND BIOFLOCCULATING EFFICIENCY OF POLAR RESIDUE OF PARTITIONED EXTRACT OF TELFAIRIA OCCIDENTALIS LEAF
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.55766/sujst-2024-01-e0705Keywords:
Bioflocculant, Physicochemical, Telfairia occidentalis, WastewaterAbstract
Water contamination has become more pronounced as a result of human economic growth all over the world. This study investigated the physicochemical properties and bioflocculating activity of the polar residue of partitioned extract (PRPE) of Telfairia occidentalis leaf. The bioflocculating activity of the extract was evaluated for optimum dosage, pH, temperature, and metal ion using Kaolin clay suspension; the optimum activities obtained were used in wastewater treatment. The optimum flocculating activity of the PRPE was obtained at the dose of 1 mg/mL, pH of 4, the temperature of 50°C, and divalent cation (Ca2+). The physicochemical characteristics of removal of turbidity, biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), total suspended solids (TSS) and heavy metals were determined before and after treatment. Upon treatment of two different domestic wastewaters (DW1 & DW2), the physicochemical parameters were reduced except for nitrate and turbidity, which increased for DW2. The bioflocculant displayed the highest activity in DW1 with turbidity removal of 74%, TSS removal of 48%, nitrate removal of 24%, BOD and COD removal of 87.5% and 50% respectively. Heavy metals were also removed effectively in DW1 compared to DW2. The FTIR characterization revealed the presence of primary amine (N-H), cyclic alkene (C=C), phenol (O-H), sulfoxide (S=O) and, halo compound (C-Br) groups present in the bioflocculant which are essential as they promote the flocculation process. The findings from this study attest to the ability of PRPE of Telfairia occidentalis to act as a flocculant.
References
Agunbiade, M. O., Van Heerden, E., Pohl, C. H. and Ashafa A. O. T. (2017): Flocculating performance of a bioflocculant produced by Arthrobacterhumicola in sewage waste water treatment. BMC Biotechnol. 17:51.
Ahmed, T., Bhatti, Z. A., Maqbool, F., Mahmood, Q., Faridullah, S. Q. (2020). "A comparative study of synthetic and natural coagulants for silver nanoparticles removal from wastewater," Desalination and Water Treatment, 57, 18718-18723.
Airaodion, A. I., Ibrahim, A. H., Ogbuagu, U., Ogbuagu, E. O., Awosanya, O. O. Akinmolayan, J. D., Njoku, O. C., Obajimi, O. O., Adeniji, A. R. and O. A. Adekale (2019). Evaluation of Phytochemical Content and Antioxidant Potential of Ocimum gratissimum and Telfairia occidentalis leaf. Asian Journal of Research in Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences 7(1): 1-11; Article no. AJRIMPS.48486 ISSN: 2457-0745. DOI: 10.9734/AJRIMPS/2019/v7i130110
Al-Wasify, R. S., Ali, M. N. andHamed, S. R. (2017). Biodegradation of dairy wastewater using bacterial and fungal local isolates. Biotechnol 15: 56-71
Aniyikaiye, E. T., Temilola, O., John, O. O. and Joshua, N. E. (2019): Physico-Chemical Analysis of Wastewater Discharge from Selected Paint Industries in Lagos, Nigeria. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 130: 131-138.
Dao, V. H., Cameron, N. R. and Saito, K. (2016) Synthesis, properties and performance of organic polymers employed in flocculation applications. Polymer Chemistry 7 (1), 11–25.
Das, N., Nupur, O. and Sanjeeb, K.M. (2021): Wastewater treatment using plant-derived bioflocculants: green chemistry approach for safe environment. Water, Science and technology 83: 1797- 1812.
Deng, S. B., Bai,R. B., Hu,X. M. and Q. Luo. (2003). Characteristics of a bioflocculant produced by Bacillus mucilaginosus and its use in starch wastewater treatment. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 60:588–593.
Edokpayi, J. N., Odiyo, J. O. and Durowoju, O. S. (2017): Water Quality; Chapter 18. Intech,; 401–416. Available online: http://Dx.Doi.Org/10.5772/66561
Federal Ministry of Environment (2011): Federal Republic of Nigeria Official Gazette for National Environmental Surface and Groundwater Quality Control. Regulations; The Federal Government Printer: Lagos, Nigeria,; 98, B693–B728.
Hassan, M. A. A., Li,T. P. andNoor,Z. Z. (2009). Coagulation and flocculation treatment of wastewater in textile industry using chitosan. J. Chem. Nat. Res. Engineer. 4:43–53.
Kothari, R., Pathak, V. V., Pandey, A., Ahmad, S., Srivastava, C. and Tyagi, V. V. (2017) A novel method to harvest Chlorella sp. via low cost bioflocculant: influence of temperature with kinetic and thermodynamic functions. Bioresource Technology225, 84–89.
Kurane, R. and Matsuyama, H. (1994): Production of a bioflocculant by mixed culture. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem. 58:1589–94.
Lee, S. H, Shin, W. S., Shin, M. C., Choi, S. J. and Park, L. S. (2001). Improvement of water treatment performance by using polyamine flocculants. Environ Technol. 22:653–9.
Liu, W., K. Wang, B. Li, H. Yuan, and J. Yang. (2010). Production and characterization of an intracellular biofloculant by Chryseobacterium daeguenseW6 cultured in low nutrition medium. Bioresour. Technol. 101:1044–1048.
Luo, Z., C. Li, C. Changhong, Z. Wei, L. Ming, H. Ye, (2014). Production and characteristics of a bioflocculant by Klebsiella pneumonia YZ-6 isolated from human saliva. Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol. 172:1282–1292.
National Academy of Sciences (2016) Safe Drinking Water is Essential: Why is Safe Water Essential? Microbiol. Biotechnol. 27: 34-43.
Ntombela, Z.G., Mthembu N.S., Gasa N.L., Basson, A.K., Simonis, J.J., Madoroba, E.,
Pullabhotla VSRR (2019). Isolation, identification and characterization of a bioflocculant producing strain, Bacillus sp. Natal. Journ. Innov scientif inform serv. 16(4): 3664-3685.
Okaiyeto, K., Nwodo U. U., Okoli, S. A., Mabinya, L. V. and Okoh, A. I. (2016): Implications for public health demands alternatives to inorganic and synthetic flocculants: Bioflocculants as important candidates. Microbiology open, 5, 177–211.
Ortiz-Oliveros, H. B. and Flores-Espinosa, R. M. (2019). Simultaneous removal of oil, total Co and60Co from radioactive liquid waste by dissolved air flotation. International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology 16: 3679–3686.
Rachdi, R., Srarfi, F. &Shimi, N. S. (2017). Cactus opuntia as natural flocculant for urban wastewater treatment. Water Science and Technology 76 (7), 1875–1883.
Shahadat, M., Teng, T. T., Rafatullah, M., Shaikh, Z. A., Sreekrishnan, T. R. and Ali, S. W. (2017). Bacterial bioflocculants: a review of recent advances and perspectives. Chemical Engineering Journal 328: 1139–1152.
World Health Organization (2011). WHO Guidelines for Drinking-Water Quality, 4th ed.; WHO Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data, Malta Publisher: Gutenberg, Salt Lake City, UT, USA; pp. 1–541. ISBN 978 92 4 154815 1. Available online: http://www.who.int (accessed on 8 March 2019).
Xiong, Y., Wang, Y., Yu, Y., Li, Q., Wang, H. and Chen, R. C. (2010). Production and characterization of a novel bioflocculant from Bacillus licheniformis. Appl Environ Microbiol.:76:2778–82.
Yim, J. H., Kim, S. J., Ahn, S. H. and Lee, H. K. (2007). Characterization of a novel bioflocculant, p-KG03, from a marine dinoflagellate, Gyrodiniumim pudicum KG03. Bioresour. Technol. 98:361–367.
