ANALYSIS OF BIOPOLYMER FROM CASSAVA PEEL USING CROSSLINKER CR3+ AS AN ALTERNATIVE MATERIAL IN WATER CONING
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.55766/sujst-2023-06-e0900Keywords:
Sulfuric Acid, Biopolymer, Crosslinker, Chemical PolymerAbstract
Polymers play a crucial role in chemical processes for controlling water condensation. This study chose biopolymer materials derived from cassava peels due to their superior environmental sustainability compared to synthetic polymers commonly used in water conditioning. While synthetic polymers are frequently employed for water conditioning, they may pose adverse environmental impacts. The chemical polymer introduced into the water formation involves the injection of a chromium (Cr3+)-based agent, enhancing viscosity and impeding water movement. The primary objective of this study is to utilize cellulose from cassava peels as the main component for producing sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, aimed at mitigating water coning. The synthesis and hydrolysis processes involve the use of sulfuric acid and cassava peels as biopolymers. The Fourier-Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy test revealed the presence of functional groups such as OH, C-H, C-O, and C=O in the cassava epidermis. The cellulose yield ranged from 62.3% to 90%, demonstrating a proportional decrease in yield weight with increased sulfuric acid concentration. Concentrations of 1,000, 2,000, and 3,000 ppm were employed, with salinity set at 5,000, 10,000, and 15,000 ppm, respectively. These conditions were maintained at 60, 70, and 80°C. The compatibility of solutions with concentrations of 1,000 and 2,000 ppm was assessed. The results indicate that solutions at 1,000 and 2,000 ppm concentrations are sui, showing no precipitate and clear characteristics.
References
Alquraishi, A.A. and Alsewailem, F.D. (2012). Xanthan and guar polymer solutions for water shut off in high salinity reservoirs. Charbohydrate Polymers, 88(3):859-863. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2012.01.022
Ayoola, A.A, Sanni, S.E, Ajayi, O.M., Ojo, T., Omonigbeyin, O., Ajayi, A.A., and Olawole, O.C. (2018). Production of a novel bio-polymer for enhanced oil recovery and modelling the polymer viscosity using Artificial Neuraal Network (ANN). International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Technology, 9(12):563-574.
Basmal, J., Andhita, D., and Sediarso, S. (2018). Pengaruh alkalinisasi selulosa terhadap produksi sodium karboksimetil selulosa. Jurnal Penelitian Perikanan Indonesia, 11(4):61-69. https://doi.org/10.15578/jppi. 11.4.2005.61-69
Dhafa, M., Setiati, R., Malinda, M.T., and Anugrahadi, A. (2021). Compatibility test for screening surfactant flooding. IOP Conference Series : Earth and Environment Science, 819:012022. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/ 819/1/012022
Fang, Y., Yang, E., and Cui, X. (2019). Study on profile control and water shut-off performance of interpenetrating network polymer gel composite system in shallow low temperature fractured oil layer. ChemPubSoc Europe, 4, 8158-8164. https://doi.org/10.1002/slct.201901900
Frigrina, L., Kasmungin, S., and Mardiana, D.A. (2017). Studi Polimer gel dengan crosslinker mengenai pengaruh variasi konsentrasi polymer, salinitas, dan suhu terhadap gelation time dan resistance factor pada proses water shut-off. Seminar Nasional Cendikiawan, p. 139-144. https://doi.org/10.25105/semnas.v0i0.2148
Gao, C. (2016). Application of a novel biopolymer to enhance oil recovery. Journal of Petroleum Exploration and Production Technology, 6:749-753. https://doi.org/ 10.1007/s13202-015-0213-7
Ioelovich, M. (2018). Products of cellulose hydrolysis made by treatment of feedstock with concentrated solutions of sulfuric acid. Research and Reviews: Journal of Material Sciences, 2(1):3-9. https://doi.org/10.4172/2321-6212. 1000103
Jia, H. and Chen, H. (2018). The potential of using Cr3+/salt-tolerant polymer gel for well workover in low-temperature reservoir: Laboratory investigation and pilot test. SPE Production & Operations, 33(03):569-582. https://doi.org/10.2118/189460-PA
Lenji, M.A., Haghshenasfard, M., Sefti, M.V., Salehi, M.B., and Moghadam, A.M. (2018). Comparison of polymer gel crosslinkers : evaluation and optimization of gelation time for water shutoff treatment. In: The 10th International Chemical Engineering Congress & Exhibition (IChEC 2018), Isfahan, Iran, 6-10 May, 2018, p. 1-5.
Megawati, M., Sami, F.J., and Syatriani, S. (2017). Sintesis natrium karboksimetil selulosa (na.cmc) dari selulosa hasil isolasi dari batang alang-alang (Imperata Cylindrica L.). Journal of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Sciences, 2(1):13-16.
Mohd, T.A.T., Taib, N.M., Adzmi, A.F., Lah, N.K.I.N.A., Sauki, A., and Jaafar, M.Z. (2018). Evaluation of polymer properties for potential selection in enhanced oil recovery. Chemical Engineering, 65:343-348. https://doi.org/10.3303/CET1865058
Ningrum, P.T.A. (2019). Kulit Singkong (Manihot utilissima) sebagai alternatif bahan pembuatan kertas tisu. OSF Preprints. https://doi.org/10.31219/osf.io/vjc62
Okon, A.N., Appah, D., and Akpabio, J.U. (2018). A critical evaluation of water coning correlations in vertical wells. American Journal of Science, 3(1):1-9. https://doi.org/ 10.11648/j.ajset.20180301.11
Penjumras, P., Rahman, R.B.A., Talib, R.A., and Abdan, K. (2014). Extraction and characterization of cellulose from durian rind. Agriculture and Agricultural Science Procedia, 2:237-243. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aaspro. 2014.11.034
Pratama, A.W., Piluharto, B., Indarti, D., Haryati, T., and Addy, H.S. (2019). Pengaruh konsentrasi asam terhadap sifat fisik dan muatan permukaan selulosa termodifikasi. ALCHEMY Jurnal Penelitian Kimia, 15(2):315-328. https://doi.org/10.20961/alchemy.15.2.33756.315-328
Salimi, Y.K., Hasan, A.S., and Botutihe, D.N. (2021). Sintesis dan karakterisasi carboxymethyl cellulose sodium (Na-CMC) dari selulosa eceng gondok (Eichhornia crassipes) dengan media reaksi etanol-isobutanol. Journal of Chemistry, 3(1), 1-11. https://doi.org/10.34312/jambchem. v3i1.9288
Santoso, S.P., Sanjaya, N., and Ayucitra, A. (2012). Pemanfaatan kulit singkong sebagai bahan baku pembuatan natrium karboksimetil selulosa. Jurnal teknik kimia Indonesia, 11(3):124-131. https://doi.org/10.5614/ jtki.2012.11.3.1
Saputra, A.T., Wicaksono, M.A., and Irsan, I. (2017). Pemanfaatan minyak goreng bekas untuk pembuatan biodiesel menggunakan katalis zeolit alat teraktivasi. Jurnal Chemurgy, 1(2), 1-6. https://doi.org/10.30872/ cmg.v1i2.1138
Sengupta, B., Sharma, V.P., and Udayabhanu, G. (2012). Development and performance of an eco-friendly cross-linked polymer system for water shut-off technique. In: The International Petroleum Technology Conference, Bangkok, Thailand, November 2011. p. 601-611. https://doi.org/10.2523/IPTC-14381-MS
Setiawan, I., Lindawati, N.Y., and Amalia, B. (2017). Optimasi sintesis natrium karboksimetil selulosa dari kulit singkong (Manihot utilissima) dan pengembangannya sebagai bahan gelling agent. Borneo Journal of Pharmascientech, 1(2):1-10. https://doi.org/10.51817/ bjp.v1i2.100
Shriwal, P. and Lane R.H. (2012). Impacts of timing of crosslinker addition on water shutoff polymer gel properties. In: The SPE Improved Oil Recovery Symposium, Tulsa, Oklahoma, USA, April 2012, https://doi.org/10.2118/153241-MS
Simjoo, M., Dadvand Koohi, A., Vafaie-Sefti, M. Zitha, P.L.J. (2009). Water shut-off in a fractured system using a robust polymer gel. In: The 8th European Formation Damage Conference, May 27-29, 2009, Scheveningen, The Netherlands, 2-8. https://doi.org/10.2118/122280-MS
Suriyatem, R., Noikang, N., Kankam, T., Jantanasakulwong, K., Leksawasdi, N., Phimolsiripol, Y., Insomphun, C., Seesuriyachan, P., Chaiyaso, T., Jantrawut, P., Sommano, S.R., Ngom T.M.P., and Rachtanapun, P. (2020). Physical properties of carboxymethyl cellulose from palm bunch and bagasse agricultural wastes: Effect of delignification with hydrogen peroxide. Polymers, 12(7):1505. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym12071505
