MANUFACTURING OF ACACIA NILOTICA LEAVES EXTRACT INCORPORATED CHITOSAN BEAD FOR POTENTIAL BIOACTIVITIES
Manufacturing of Acacia Nilotica Leaves Extract incorporated Chitosan Bead for Potential Bioactivities
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.55766/sujst8149Keywords:
Chitosan, A. Nilotica Leaves Extract, Antimicrobial, Acetyl Cholinesterase Inhibition ActivityAbstract
Acacia nilotica, a medicinal plant with a rich historical context in traditional medicine, is noteworthy for its extensive application in the field of medicinal manufacturing. It is imperative to conduct a comparative analysis of the extract post-loading onto biopolymer versus its crude form. This study aimed to scrutinize the effects of A. nilotica leaves extract on the physicochemical properties and various biological characteristics of chitosan beads. The incorporation of the extract into chitosan beads was achieved using the calcium chloride ionic gelation method. The resulting beads, characterized by distinct chitosan/extract ratios (1:2, 1:3, and 1:4 w/w respectively), underwent characterization through Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray Diffraction (XRD) analysis, particle size distribution evaluation via Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS), and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). The in vitro antimicrobial efficacy was rigorously assessed against bacterial strains, including Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, as well as the fungal pathogen Candida albicans, utilizing the agar diffusion assay. The investigation further evaluated the diphenylpicrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging and acetylcholinesterase inhibition (AChE) activities under in vitro conditions. The beads demonstrated a particle size of 1299 d.nm, with a Polydispersity Index (PdI) of 0.58, in contrast to the crude extract which presented a size of 771 d.nm and a PdI of 0.31. TEM analysis indicated a predominantly spherical morphology and distinctly aggregated particles with well-defined peripheries. High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) analysis conducted over various incubation time intervals confirmed the strong adhesion of the loaded extract to the chitosan matrix. The beads exhibited notable antimicrobial and antioxidant capacities along with significant AChE activities at higher concentrations. This investigation elucidates the prospective benefits of synergistically incorporating A. nilotica extract into chitosan for applications in health and food packaging.
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