DESIGN OF RESERVOIR FRIENDLY DRILLING FLUID FOR SHALE RESERVOIRS USING SYNTHESIZED ZINC OXIDE(ZnO)NANOPARTICLES
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.55766/sujst-2024-06-e06767Keywords:
Drilling Mud, Filtration Properties, Shale Reservoir, Rheological Properties, ZnO NanoparticleAbstract
Numerous studies have explored how nanoparticles (NPs) affect the properties of drilling fluids, such as rheology, fluid loss control, and thermal and electrical conductivity. These studies consistently demonstrate that the addition of various NPs can enhance the rheological and filtration properties of drilling fluids across different temperature and pressure conditions. Such studies show that carefully designed drilling mud can be used for drilling the difficult unconventional resources such as Shale Reservoirs. In this study, for Shale Reservoir, a Water Base Drilling Mud (WBDM) were designed with ZnO NPs, that were synthesized in the laboratory using the sol-gel method with Zinc Nitrate Hexahydrate (Zn(NO3)2.6H2O) as a precursor. Base mud was prepared with 5 wt% Bentonite, 1 wt% XG, 1 wt% PAC-R; 0.5 wt% PAC-L, and 6 wt/v% KCl in 400mL deionized water. In the base mud, 0.05 wt%, 0.1 wt% & 0.15 wt% ZnO nanoparticles were thoroughly mixed and KOH was added to maintain the pH level at 9-10. Results show that the concentration of 0.1 wt% ZnO NPs in Base Mud is the optimum concentration and the mud can be used for Shale Reservoir, as the fluid loss was reduced. API Fluid loss was reduced by almost 18% with 0.1% ZnO addition.
References
Abdo, J., and Haneef, M.D. (2012). Nano-enhanced drilling fluids: Pioneering approach to overcome uncompromising drilling problems. Journal of Energy Resources Technology, 134(1):014501. https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4005244
Aftab, A., Ismail, A.R., Khokhar, S., and Ibupoto, Z.H. (2016). Novel zinc oxide nanoparticles deposited acrylamide composite used for enhancing the performance of water-based drilling fluids at elevated temperature conditions. Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering, 146:1142-1157. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.petrol.2016.08.014
Ahasan, M.H., Alahi Alvi, M.F., Ahmed, N., and Alam, M.S. (2022). An investigation of the effects of synthesized zinc oxide nanoparticles on the properties of water-based drilling fluid. Petroleum Research, 7(1):131-137. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ptlrs.2021.08.003
Ahmed, N., Alam, M.S., and Salam, M.A. (2020). Experimental analysis of drilling fluid prepared by mixing iron (III) oxide nanoparticles with a KCl-Glycol-PHPA polymer-based mud used in drilling operation. Journal of Petroleum Exploration and Production Technology, 10(8):3389-3397. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13202-020-00933-1
Albrecht, M.A., Evans, C.W., and Raston, C.L. (2006). Green chemistry and the health implications of nanoparticles. Green Chemistry, 8(5):417-432. https://doi.org/10.1039/b517131h
Alshubbar, G.D., Coryell, T.N., Atashnezhad, A., Akhtarmanesh, S., and Hareland, G. (2017). The effect of barite nanoparticles on the friction coefficient and rheology of water-based mud. 51st US Rock Mechanics/Geomechanics Symposium, 1:474-480.
American Petroleum Institute. (2023). Field testing water-based drilling fluids (API RP 13B-1).
Bayat, A.E., and Shams, R. (2019). Appraising the impacts of SiO2, ZnO and TiO2 nanoparticles on rheological properties and shale inhibition of water-based drilling muds. Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects, 581:123792. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfa.2019.123792
Benyounes, K., and Benmounah, A. (2016). Rheological and electrokinetic characterization of bentonite particles in aqueous phase in presence of KCl. Particulate Science and Technology, 34(1):39-44. https://doi.org/10.1080/02726351.2015.1042563
Craft, B.C., and Exner, J.D. (1933). Effects of temperature on the viscosity of some Gulf Coast drilling muds. Transactions of the AIME, 103(01):112-115. https://doi.org/10.2118/933112-G
Dejtaradon, P., Hamidi, H., Chuks, M.H., Wilkinson, D., and Rafati, R. (2019). Impact of ZnO and CuO nanoparticles on the rheological and filtration properties of water-based drilling fluid. Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects, 570:354-367. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfa.2019.03.050
Emerich, D.F., and Thanos, C.G. (2003). Nanotechnology and medicine. Expert Opinion on Biological Therapy, 3(4):655-663. https://doi.org/10.1517/14712598.3.4.655
Fakoya, M.F., and Shah, S.N. (2013). Rheological properties of surfactant-based and polymeric nano-fluids. Society of Petroleum Engineers - Coiled Tubing and Well Intervention Conference and Exhibition, p. 321-337. https://doi.org/10.2118/163921-MS
Growcock, F., and Harvey, T. (2004). Drilling fluids. In Drilling Fluids Processing Handbook (pp. 15-68). Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-075067775-2/50003-2
Guan, O.S., Gholami, R., Raza, A., Rabiei, M., Fakhari, N., Rasouli, V., and Nabinezhad, O. (2020). A nanoparticle-based approach to improve filtration control of water-based muds under high pressure high temperature conditions. Petroleum, 6(1):43-52. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.petlm.2018.10.006
Guo, J., Yan, J., Fan, W., and Zhang, H. (2006). Applications of strongly inhibitive silicate-based drilling fluids in troublesome shale formations in Sudan. Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering, 50(3-4):195-203. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.petrol.2005.12.006
Ismail, A.R., Aftab, A., Ibupoto, Z.H., and Zolkifile, N. (2016). The novel approach for the enhancement of rheological properties of water-based drilling fluids by using multi-walled carbon nanotube, nanosilica and glass beads. Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering, 139:264-275. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.petrol.2016.01.036
Jung, C.M., Zhang, R., Chenevert, M., and Sharma, M. (2013). High-performance water-based mud using nanoparticles for shale reservoirs. Unconventional Resources Technology Conference, Denver, Colorado, 12-14 August 2013, p. 1038-1044. https://doi.org/10.1190/urtec2013-106
Jung, Y., Barry, M., Lee, J.-K., Tran, P., Soong, Y., Martello, D., and Chyu, M. (2011). Effect of nanoparticle-additives on the rheological properties of clay-based fluids at high temperature and high pressure. AADE National Technical Conference and Exhibition, p. 1-4.
Kalpana, V.N., Kataru, B.A.S., Sravani, N., Vigneshwari, T., Panneerselvam, A., and Devi Rajeswari, V. (2018). Biosynthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles using culture filtrates of Aspergillus niger: Antimicrobial textiles and dye degradation studies. OpenNano, 3:48-55. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.onano.2018.06.001
Khodja, M., Canselier, J.P., Bergaya, F., Fourar, K., Khodja, M., Cohaut, N., and Benmounah, A. (2010). Shale problems and water-based drilling fluid optimisation in the Hassi Messaoud Algerian oil field. Applied Clay Science, 49(4):383-393. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clay.2010.06.008
Khoshhesab, Z.M., Sarfaraz, M., and Asadabad, M.A. (2011). Preparation of ZnO nanostructures by chemical precipitation method. Synthesis and Reactivity in Inorganic, Metal-Organic and Nano-Metal Chemistry, 41(7):814-819. https://doi.org/10.1080/15533174.2011.591308
Mahto, V., and Sharma, V.P. (2004). Rheological study of a water-based oil well drilling fluid. Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering, 45(1-2):123-128. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.petrol.2004.03.008
Makinde, F.A., Adejumo, A.D., Ako, C.T., and Efeovbokhan, V.E. (2011). Modelling the effects of temperature and aging time on the rheological properties of drilling fluids. Petroleum and Coal, 53(3):167-182.
Mamalis, A.G., Vogtländer, L.O.G., and Markopoulos, A. (2004). Nanotechnology and nanostructured materials: Trends in carbon nanotubes. Precision Engineering, 28(1):16-30. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.precisioneng.2002.11.002
Maurer-Jones, M.A., Gunsolus, I.L., Murphy, C.J., and Haynes, C.L. (2013). Toxicity of engineered nanoparticles in the environment. Analytical Chemistry, 85(6):3036-3049. https://doi.org/10.1021/ac303636s
O’Brien, D.E., and Chenevert, M.E. (1973). Stabilizing sensitive shales with inhibited, potassium-based drilling fluids. Journal of Petroleum Technology, 25(9):1089-1100. https://doi.org/10.2118/4232-PA
Ogolo, N.A., Olafuyi, O.A., and Onyekonwu, M.O. (2012). Enhanced oil recovery using nanoparticles. SPE Saudi Arabia Section Technical Symposium and Exhibition 2012, p. 276-284. https://doi.org/10.2118/160847-MS
Perween, S., Beg, M., Shankar, R., Sharma, S., and Ranjan, A. (2018). Effect of zinc titanate nanoparticles on rheological and filtration properties of water-based drilling fluids. Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering, 170:844-857. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.petrol.2018.07.006
Phuruangrat, A., Thongtem, T., and Thongtem, S. (2009). Microwave-assisted synthesis of ZnO nanostructure flowers. Materials Letters, 63(13-14):1224-1226. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matlet.2009.02.049
Rashidi, L., and Khosravi-Darani, K. (2011). The applications of nanotechnology in the food industry. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, 51(8):723-730. https://doi.org/10.1080/10408391003785417
Rasli, N.I., Basri, H., and Harun, Z. (2020). Zinc oxide from aloe vera extract: Two-level factorial screening of biosynthesis parameters. Heliyon, 6(1):e03156. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e03156
Sabbaghi, S., Saboori, R., and Barahoei, M. (2015). Enhanced heat transfer of drilling fluid with titania nanofluid. Research and Reviews Journal of Engineering and Technology, 4:12-17.
Saboori, R., Sabbaghi, S., and Kalantariasl, A. (2019). Improvement of rheological, filtration, and thermal conductivity of bentonite drilling fluid using copper oxide/polyacrylamide nanocomposite. Powder Technology, 353:257-266. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.powtec.2019.05.038
Sayyadnejad, M.A., Ghaffarian, H.R., and Saeidi, M. (2008). Removal of hydrogen sulfide by zinc oxide nanoparticles in drilling fluid. International Journal of Environmental Science & Technology, 5(4):565-569. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03326054
Sensoy, T., Chenevert, M.E., and Sharma, M.M. (2009). Minimizing water invasion in shale using nanoparticles. SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition, 4:2143-2158. https://doi.org/10.2118/124429-MS
Siddiqui, S., and Alrumman, S.A. (2021). Influence of nanoparticles on food: An analytical assessment. Journal of King Saud University - Science, 33(6):101530. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jksus.2021.101530
Soosen, M.S., Bose, L., and George, K. (2009). Optical properties of ZnO nanoparticles. Optical Materials, 16(1):57-65.
Srivastava, V., Gusain, D., and Sharma, Y.C. (2013). Synthesis, characterization, and application of zinc oxide nanoparticles (n-ZnO). Ceramics International, 39(8):9803-9808. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2013.04.110
Steiger, R.P., and Leung, P.K. (1992). Quantitative determination of the mechanical properties of shales. SPE Drilling Engineering, 7(3):181-185. https://doi.org/10.2118/18024-PA
Suri, A., and Sharma, M.M. (2004). Strategies for sizing particles in drilling and completion fluids. SPE Journal, 9(1):13-23. https://doi.org/10.2118/87676-PA
Taha, N.M., and Lee, S. (2015, December 6). Nano graphene application improving drilling fluids performance. International Petroleum Technology Conference. https://doi.org/10.2523/iptc-18539-ms
Talam, S., Karumuri, S.R., and Gunnam, N. (2012). Synthesis, characterization, and spectroscopic properties of ZnO nanoparticles. ISRN Nanotechnology, p. 1-6. https://doi.org/10.5402/2012/372505
Whitesides, G.M. (2005). Nanoscience, nanotechnology, and chemistry. Small, 1(2):172-179. https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.200400130
Zhang, J., Li, L., Wang, S., Wang, J., Yang, H., Zhao, Z., Zhu, J., and Zhang, Z. (2015). Novel micro and nano particle-based drilling fluids: Pioneering approach to overcome the borehole instability problem in shale formations. Society of Petroleum Engineers - SPE Asia Pacific Unconventional Resources Conference and Exhibition. https://doi.org/10.2118/176991-MS
Zhang, L., Gu, F., Chan, J., Wang, A., Langer, R., and Farokhzad, O. (2008). Nanoparticles in medicine: Therapeutic applications and developments. Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics, 83(5):761-769. https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.clpt.6100400
Zhou, C.H., and Keeling, J. (2013). Fundamental and applied research on clay minerals: From climate and environment to nanotechnology. Applied Clay Science, 74:3-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clay.2013.02.013
Zhou, J., Zhao, F., Wang, Y., Zhang, Y., and Yang, L. (2007). Size-controlled synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles and their photoluminescence properties. Journal of Luminescence, 122-123(1-2):195-197. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jlumin.2006.01.089
