ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE OPTIMIZED CONTROLLER DESIGN FOR AUTOMATIC GENERATION CONTROL IN RESTRUCTURED POWER SYSTEMS
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.55766/sujst-2024-03-e03934Keywords:
Automatic Generation Control (AGC), Fuzzy controller, Optimal controller, Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), Combined optimal fuzzy controller, Restructured power systemAbstract
This paper presents an investigation on automatic generation control (AGC) in restructured power systems with multiple interconnected areas and multiple machines. A particle swarm optimized combined optimal fuzzy controller has been proposed. The results obtained with the proposed controller have been compared with the conventional PI controller and optimal controller to exhibit its robust performance. Furthermore, the proposed controller aims to rapidly achieve zero deviations in frequency and tie line power, thereby maintaining system synchronism. The PSO-optimized combined optimal fuzzy controller demonstrates superior performance in terms of peak transient deviation, settling periods, and dynamic oscillations compared to other controllers.
References
Acharya, D. (2023) Optimal rule based fuzzy-PI controller for core power control of nuclear reactor. Annals of Nuclear Energy, 194. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anucene.2023.110118
Alhelou, H.H., Golshan, M.E.H., Zamani, R., Forushani, E.H. and Siana, P. (2018), Challenges and Opportunities of Load Frequency Control in Conventional, Modern and Future Smart Power Systems: A Comprehensive Review. Energies, 11(10):1-35. https://doi.org/10.3390/en11102497
Daraz, A., Malik, S.A., Hazlie M., Haq, I.U., Zafar, F., Mansor, N.N. (2020). Improved-Fitness Dependent Optimizer Based FOI-PD Controller for Automatic Generation Control of Multi-Source Interconnected Power System in Deregulated Environment, IEEE Access, 8:197757-1997775. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2020.3033983
Arya, Y. (2022), Effect of electric vehicles on load frequency control in interconnected thermal and hydrothermal power systems utilising CF-FOIDF controller. IET Generation Transmission and Distribution, 14(14):2,666-2,675. https://doi.org/10.1049/iet-gtd.2019.1217
Dahiya, P., Mukhija, P., Saxena, A.R., and Arya, Y. (2016). Comparative performance investigation of optimal controller for AGC of electric power generating systems, Automatika; 57(4):902-921. https://doi.org/10.7305/automatika.2017.12.1707
Donde, V., Pai, M.A., and Hiskens, I.A. (2001). Simulation and optimization in a AGC system after deregulation. IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, 16(3):481-89. https://doi.org/10.1109/59.932285
Elgerd, O.I. and Fosha, C.E. (1970). Optimum megawatt-frequency control of multiarea electric energy systems. IEEE Trans. on Power Apparatus and Systems, 89(4):556-563. https://doi.org/10.1109/TPAS.1970.292602
Grefenstette, J.J. (1986). Optimization of control parameters for genetics algorithms. IEEE Transaction Systems, Man and Cybernetics, 16(1):122-128. https://doi.org/10.1109/TSMC.1986.289288
Hameed J.B.S. and Ramasubramanian J. (2022). Optimal Fractional Order PI Controller for Frequency Ancillary Services in Restructured Power System. Journal of Energy Systems. 13(3):79-109. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12667-020-00390-z
Hasni M., Boudour M., Kouba N.E.L.Y. and Menaa M. (2019). Optimal AGC scheme design using hybrid particle swarm optimisation and gravitational search algorithm. International Journal of Power Energy and Conversation, 10(2):241-263. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJPEC.2019.098622
Kumar, D.M.V. (1998). Intelligent controllers for automatic generation control. Proceedings of IEEE TENCON’98, Energy, Computer, Communication control. 2:557-574. https://doi.org/10.1109/TENCON.1998.798284
Liaw, C.M. (1991). A modified optimal load-frequency controller for interconnected power systems. Optimal Control Applications and Methods, 12(3):197-204. https://doi.org/10.1002/oca.4660120307
Magzoub, M.A. and Alquthami, T. (2022). Optimal design of automatic generation control based on simulated annealing in interconnected two-area power system using hybrid PID-fuzzy control. Energies, 15(4):1,540. https://doi.org/10.3390/en15041540
Gulzar, M.M., Gardezi, S., Sibtain, D., Khalid, M. (2023). Discrete-Time Modelling and Control for LFC Based on Fuzzy Tuned Fractional-Order PDµ Controller in a Sustainable Hybrid Power System, IEEE Access, 11:63,271-63,287. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2023.3288991
Panigrahi, B.K., Shi, Y., and Lim, M. (2011). Handbook of Swarm Intelligence. Concepts, Principle and Applications. Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-17390-5
Shayeghi, H., Shayanfar, H.A., and Jalili, A. (2009). Load frequency control strategies: A state-of-the-art survey for the researcher. Energy Convers. Manage, 50(2):344-353. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2008.09.014
Singh, S., Tayal, V.K., Singh, H.P. and Yadav, V.K. (2023). Dynamic Performance Enhancement of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell System by Robust Loop Shaping and Artificial Intelligence optimized Fractional Order PI Controllers. Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects, 5(3):9,308-9,324. https://doi.org/10.1080/15567036.2023.2236081
Sinha, S.K., Patel, R.N. and Prasad, R. (2011). Applications of FACTS devices with fuzzy controller for oscillation damping in AGC. International Conference on Recent Advancements in Electrical, Electronics and Control Engineering (ICONRAEeCE). https://doi.org/10.1109/ICONRAEeCE.2011.6129783
Sinha, S., Patel, R., and Prasad R. (2012). Application of AI supported optimal controller for automatic generation control of a restructured power system with parallel AC-DC tie lines. European Transaction on Electrical Power, 2(5):645-661. https://doi.org/10.1002/etep.595
Subbaraj, P. and Manickavasagam, K. (2008) Automatic generation control of multi- area power system using fuzzy logic controller. European Transactions on Electrical Power, 18(3):266-280. https://doi.org/10.1002/etep.175
Ullah, K., Basit, A., Ullah, Z., Aslam, S., and Herodotou, H. (2021). Automatic generation control strategies in conventional and modern power systems: A comprehensive overview. Energies, 14(9):2,376. https://doi.org/10.3390/en14092376








