AN ASSESSMENT OF RICE HUSK UTILIZATION IN THAI INDUSTRIAL SECTOR: IMPLICATION OF ITS POTENTIAL AND PRICE
Keywords:
Rice husk, Small power producers, Cement plant, Thai industrial sector, CO2 emissionAbstract
Nowadays rice husk has been used as fuel in small power producers (SPPs) to generate electricity and to substitute lignite in large cement plants in Thailand. However, utilization of rice husk occurs in some regions; therefore, the recent problem is how to control rice husk price where its demand is high and vice versa. This study aims at investigating the reasonable price of rice husk and energy saving as well as CO2 emission reduction by using rice husk in SPPs and cement plants from 2001 to 2030. To achieve the above objectives, rice husk supply and demand for each region are assessed. Then the capacity potential of SPPs and the use of rice husk in place of lignite are obtained. The reasonable price is calculated based on the price when the marginal cost is equal to the marginal revenue. The results show that the reasonable price of rice husk for SPPs is 450 baht per tonne and 402 baht per tonne for cement plants. In 2001 the potential of SPPs from rice husk was 218.9 MW and is projected to go up to 298.9 MW in 2030. Benefits include cumulative saving in fuel oil of 25.08 million tonnes of oil equivalent (toe), lignite of 9.6 million toe, and CO2 emission reduction of 81 million tonnes during the study period.
References
Carney, M.W. (2003). PG&E Generating GHG Case Study: Cement replacement with coal ash. Available from: http://nescaum.org/Greenhouse/Private/PGE_Coal_Ash_Case_Study_Final_4-26-02.doc. Accessed June 9, 2003.
Egon Failer. (2003). BUJAGALI HEPP-CO2 EMISSION. Lahmeier International, Germany. Available from: http://www.bujagali.com/technical_resources/carbon_dioxide_emissions. Accessed March 10, 2003.
Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand (EGAT). (2001). Key statistic data 2001. Available from: http://www.egat.co.th/english/report_2001/key.pdf. Accessed April 28, 2003.
Energy Policy and Planning Office (EPPO). (2000). Thailand biomass-based power generation and cogeneration within small rural industries. Available from: http://www.eppo.go.th. Accessed December 23, 2003.
Energy Policy and Planning Office (EPPO). (2003). Electricity charge rate. Available from: http://www.eppo.og.th/power/pw-Rate-MEA-Char.html. Accessed June 3, 2003.
Kaewboonsong. W. Kouprianov, V.I., Chovichien, N., and Wongsaengchan, C. (2003). Emissions from a utility boiler firing fuel oil, natural gas and fuel oil/gas mixture. Proceeding of the 2nd Regional Conference on Energy Technology Towards a Clean Environment. February 12-14, 2003; Phulet, Thailand, p. 7.
McCaffrey, R. (2001). Climate change and the cement industry. Global Cement and lime magazine. Available from: http://www.propubs.com. Accessed May 8, 2003.
Mitsubishi Securities Clean Energy Finance Committee. (2003). Project design document for A.T. Biopower rice husk power project. Available from: http://www.atbiopower.co.th. Accessed May 5, 2003.
Office of Agricultural Economics, Thailand (OAE). (1986/1987). Agricultural statistics of Thailand crop year 1986-1987. Available from: http://www.oae.go.th/statistic/yearbook. Accessed March 29, 2003.
Office of Agricultural Economics, Thailand (OAE). (2000/2001). Agricultural statistics of Thailand crop year 2000-2001. Available from: http://www.oae.go.th/statistic/yearbook. Accessed March 29, 2003.
The Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand (EGAT). (2003). List of small power producers as June 30, 2003. Available from: http://www.egat.or.th. Accessed July 8, 2003.
The Siam Cement Group. (2003). Company overview. Available from: http://www.siamcement.com/eng/directory/company_overview.asp. Accessed January 28, 2003.
TPI Polene Public Co., Ltd. (2003). The fuel used in clinker process. Discussion by phone on January 28, 2003.
