EFFECT OF RICE HUSK ASH ON UNCONFINED COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH OF SOIL - CEMENT ADMIXTURE

Nguyen  Thanh Duong

Authors

Nguyen Thanh Duong Hanoi University of Mining and Geology, No 18, Vien street, Duc Thang ward, Bac Tu Liem district, Hanoi, 100000, Vietnam.

Keywords:

Rice husk ash (RHA), cement, RHA types, unconfined compressive strength (UCS), soft soil

Abstract

Rice husk ash (RHA) is a waste product from burning rice husk and abundant in many developing countries. The utilization of RHA in combination with cement, lime for stabilization of different soils has been widely investigated and shown great potential for enhancement of soil strength. However, the utilization of RHA for soft soil improvement using cement deep mixing method is still limited, especially in Vietnam. In this study, the effect of two types of RHA obtained from uncontrolled and controlled burning conditions on the unconfined compressive strength (UCS) of cement-admixed clay will be investigated. A number of soil-cement-RHA admixtures with 10% of cement and 5 to 15% of RHA by dry weight of the soil were prepared to determine the UCS. The research results show that the type of RHA significantly affects the strength of treated soil. The UCS of soil treated with RHA from uncontrolled burning (RHA1) is lower than that of soil treated with RHA from controlled burning (RHA2). In comparison with the UCS of the controlled specimen of 10% cement only at 28 days of curing, the highest increase in the UCS of soil treated with cement and RHA1 is 6% while that of soil treated with cement and RHA2 can be larger than 50%. This indicates that the RHA from controlled burning can be beneficially added to cement-admixed clay to enhance the strength.

References

Adajar, M.N.Q., Aquino, C.J.P., dela Cruz II, J.D., Martin, C.P.H., and Urieta, D.K.G. (2019). Investigating the effectiveness of rice husk ash as stabilizing agent of expansive soil. Int. J. GEOMATE., 16:33-40.

Ali, F.H. (1992). Stabilization of a residual soil. Soils Found., 32:178-185.

Ali, F.H., Adnan, A., and Choy, C.K. (1992a). Use of rice husk ash to enhance lime treatment of soil. Canadian Geotech. J., 29:843-852.

Ali, F.H., Adnan, A., and Choy, C.K. (1992b). Geotechnical properties of a chemically stabilized soil from Malaysia with rice husk ash as an additive. Geotech. Geolog. Eng., 10:117-134.

Alhassan, M. and Alhaji, M. (2017). Utilisation of rice husk ash for improvement of deficient soils in Nigeria: A review. Negerian J. Technol. (NIJOTECH)., 36(2):386-394.

ASTM C618. (2008). Standard specification for coal fly ash and raw or calcined natural pozzolan for use in concrete, in: American Society of Testing and Materials. West Conshohocken Pennsylvania, USA.

ASTM D2166. (2000). Standard test method for unconfined compressive strength of cohesive soil. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, USA.

Aziz, M., Saleem, M., and Irfan, M. (2015). Engineering behavior of expansive soils treated with rice husk ash. Geomech. Eng., 8:173-186.

Bagheri, Y., Ahmad, F., and Ismail, M.A.M. (2014). Strength and mechanical behavior of soil-cement-lime-rice husk ash (soil-CLR) mixture. Materials and structures., 47:55-66.

Basha, E.A., Hashim, R., Mahmud, H.B., and Muntohar, A.S. (2005). Stabilization of residual soil with rice husk ash and cement. Construct. Build. Mat., 19:448-453.

Behak, L. (2017). Soil Stabilization with Rice Husk Ash. Chapter 3 in Rice-Technology and Production.

Boateng, A.A. and Skeete, D.A. (1990). Incineration of rice hull for use as a cementitious material: The Guyana experience. Cement Concrete Res., 20:795–802.

Chen, H. and Wang, Q. (2006). The behaviour of organic matter in the process of soft soil stabilization using cement. Bull. Eng. Geo. Environ., 65:445-448.

Chew, S.H., Kamruzzaman, A.H.M., and Lee, F.H. (2004). Physicochemical and engineering behavior of cement treated clays. J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng., 130(7):696-706.

Choobbasti, A.J., Ghodrat, H., Vahdatirad, M.J., Firouzian, S., Barari, A., Torabi, M., and Bagherian, A. (2010). Influence of using rice husk ash in soil stabilization method with lime. Front. Earth Sci. China., 4:471-480.

Cordeiro, G.C., Toledo Filho, R.D., and Fairbairn, E.deM.R. (2009). Use of ultrafine rice husk ash with high-carbon content as pozzolan in high performance concrete. Mat. Struc., 42:983-992.

Duong, N.T., Nu, N.T., Ha, P.T.N., Hai, P.H., and Hung, N.V. (2020). Rice husk ash and its utilization in soil improvement: An overview. J. Mining Earth Sci., 61(3): 1-11.

Fapohunda, C., Akinbile, B., and Shittu, A. (2017). Structure and properties of mortar and concrete with rice husk ash as partial replacement of ordinary Portland cement-A review. Int. J.Sustain. Built Environ., 6:675-692.

Farouk, A. and Shahien, M.M. (2013). Ground improvement using soil-cement columns: Experimental investigation. Alexandria Eng. J., 52(4):733-740.

Fattah, M.Y., Rahil, F.H., Al-Soudany, K.Y. (2013). Improvement of clayey soil characteristics using rice husk ash. J. Civil Eng. Urban., 3:12-18.

Giao, P.H. and Hien, D.H. (2007). Geotechnical characterization of soft clay along a highway in the Red River Delta. J. Lowl. Technol. Int., 9:18-27.

Gupta, D. and Kumar, A. (2017). Stabilized soil incorporating combinations of rice husk ash, pond ash and cement. Geomech. Eng., 12:85-109.

Horpibulsuk, S., Miura, N., and Nagaraj, T.S. (2005). Clay-water/cement ratio identity for cement admixed soft clays. J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng., 131:187-192.

Horpibulsuk, S., Rachan, R., and Suddeepong, A. (2011). Assessment of strength development in blended cement admixed Bangkok clay. Construct. Build. Mat., 25:1,521-1,531.

Houston, D.F. (1972). Rice hulls. In: Rice-Chemistry and Technology. American Association of Cereal Chemists, St. Paul, MN., p. 301-340.

Jamnongwong, M., Poorahong, H., Krairan, K., Sukontasukkul, P., and Jamsawang, P. (2019). Soft Bangkok clay stabilized with cement and bagasse ash. Suranaree J. Sci. Technol., 26(3):346-353.

Jongpradist, P., Homtragoon, W., Sukkarak, R., Kongkitkul, W., and Jamsawang, P. (2018). Efficiency of rice husk ash as cementitious material in high-strength cement-admixed clay. Advances in Civil Engineering 2018.

Khan, M.M.H., Loh, E., and Singini, P.T. (2016). Stabilization of tropical residual soil using rice husk ash and cement. Int. J. Appl. Environ. Sci., 11(1):73-87.

Krishnan, K.D., Kiruthika, P., and Ravichandran, P.T., (2020). Use of wood ash waste to stabilise soils. IJEWM., 25:112.

Liu, Y., Chang, C.W., Namdar, A., She, Y., Lin, C.H., Yuan, X., and Yang, Q. (2019a). Stabilization of expansive soil using cementing material from rice husk ash and calcium carbide residue. Construct. Build. Mat., 221:1-11.

Liu, Y., Su, Y., Namdar, A., Zhou, G., She, Y., and Yang, Q. (2019b). Utilization of cementitious material from residual rice husk ash and lime in stabilization of expansive soil. Advances in Civil Engineering 2019.

Miura, N., Horpibulsuk, S., and Nagaraj, T.S. (2001). Engineering behavior of cement stabilized clay at high water content. Soils Found., 41:33-45.

Nguyen, V.T. (2011). Rice husk ash as mineral admixture for ultra performance concrete, [Ph.D thesis]. Delft University of Technology, Delft.

Okafor, F.O. and Okonkwo, U.N. (2009). Effects of rice husk ash on some geotechnical properties of lateritic soil. Nigerian J. Technol., 28:46-52.

Phuc, T.T. and Giao, P.H. (2020). Geotechnical properties of hai phong and ninh binh clays in the red river delta. In: Geotechnics for Sustainable Infrastructure Development. Springer, p. 751-758.

Porbaha, A. (1998). State of the art in deep mixing technology: part I. Basic concepts and overview. Ground Improv., 2:81-92.

Quang, N.D. and Giao, P.H. (2014). Improvement of soft clay at a site in the Mekong Delta by vacuum preloading. Geomech. Eng., 6:419-436.

Rahman, M.A. (1987). Effects of cement-rice husk ash mixtures on geotechnical properties of lateritic soils. Soils Found., 27:61-65.

Rao, D.K., Rao, G., and Pranav, P.R.T. (2012). A laboratory study on the effect of rice husk ash & lime on the properties of marine clay. Int. J. Eng. Innov. Technol., 2:345-53.

Rodrigues, C.D.S., Ghavani, K., and Stroeven, P. (2010). Rice husk ash as a supplementary raw material for the production of cellulose-cement composites with improved performance. Waste Biomass Valor., 1:241-249

Seco, A., Ramírez, F., Miqueleiz, L., and García, B. (2011). Stabilization of expansive soils for use in construction. Appl. Clay Sci., 51:348-352.

Sekhar, D.C., Nayak, S., and Preetham, H.K. (2017). Influence of granulated blast furnace slag and cement on the strength properties of lithomargic clay. Indian Geotech. J., 47:384-392.

Sharma, A.K. and Sivapullaiah, P.V. (2016). Ground granulated blast furnace slag amended fly ash as an expansive soil stabilizer. Soils Found., 56:205-212.

Sharma, R.S., Phanikumar, B.R., and Rao, B.V. (2008). Engineering behavior of a remolded expansive clay blended with lime, calcium chloride, and rice-husk ash. J. Mat. Civil Eng., 20:509-515.

Shiwakoti, D.R. and Manai, R. (2016). Soft ground improvement by deep cement-mixing technique in southern Vietnam. Geotech. Eng., 47:32-38.

Singhai, A.K. and Singh, S.S. (2014). Laboratory study on soil stabilization using fly ash and rice husk ash. Int. J. Res. Eng. Technol., 3(11):348-351.

Subrahmanyam, M.S., Cheran, L.L., and Cheran, L.S. (1981). Use of rice husk ash for soil stabilization. Geol. Soc. Malaysia. Bull., 14:143-151.

Suzuki, K., Usui, H., Sasai, T., Kojima, A., Nozu, M., and Nguyen, H.T. (2007). Cement deep mixing applied to soft clay in Mekong Delta. In: Proceedings of the Sri Lankan Geotechnical Society’s First Conference on Soil and Rock Engineering, Colombo.

TCVN 6260. (2009). Portland blended cement - Specifications (in Vietnamese).

TCVN 9403. (2012). Stabilization of soft soil - The soil cement column method (in Vietnamese).

Tremblay, H., Duchesne, J., Locat, J., and Leroueil, S. (2002). Influence of the nature of organic compounds on fine soil stabilization with cement. Canadian Geotech. J., 39:535-546.

Van Bui, L. and Pham, B.T. (2018). Experimental research for determination of basic parameters of soil improved by cement. Int. J. Appl. Eng. Res., 13:3,926-3,931.

Vietnam Rice Annual Report (2018) & Outlook for (2019). http://agromonitor.vn/san-pham/vietnam-rice-annual-report- 2018-outlook-for-2019/515.html.

Vu, M.N. and Le, Q.H. (2020). Large soil-cement column applications in Vietnam. In: Geotechnics for Sustainable Infrastructure Development. Springer, p. 555-562.

Vu, P.T.A. (2016). Ground improvement using soil-cement method: a case study with laboratory testing and in-situ verification for a highway project in southern Vietnam. Geotech. Eng., 47:45-49.

Yadav, A.K., Gaurav, K., Kishor, R., and Suman, S.K. (2017). Stabilization of alluvial soil for subgrade using rice husk ash, sugarcane bagasse ash and cow dung ash for rural roads. Int. J. Pavem. Res. Technol., 10:254-261.

Yoobanpot, N. and Jamsawang, P. (2014). Effect of cement replacement by rice husk ash on soft soil stabilization. Kasetsart J.-Nat. Sci., 48:323-332.