LIPID ACCUMULATION PRODUCT AND METABOLICALLY UNHEALTHY RISK IN SUBCLINICAL ATHEROSCLEROTIC PERIMENOPAUSAL/ MENOPAUSAL WOMEN
Keywords:
antioxidant enzyme gene, curcuminoid, fatty acid transport gene, slow- growing chicken, n-3 PUFAAbstract
Background: The most profound metabolic abnormalities has related with central obesity that effect from fat distribution to abdominal. Central fat distribution has associated with an increased risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases (CVD). The alternative measurement as Lipid accumulation product (LAP) was index of lipid accumulation used waist circumference (WC) and fasting triglycerides (TG). Objective: To investigate whether LAP is related to metabolically unhealthy risk in perimenopausal/menopausal women. Materials and Methods: Perimenopausal/menopausal participants without history of CVD were enrolled in the present observational cross-sectional study from Suranaree University of Technology Hospital, Thailand from January 2015 to December 2015. Weight, body mass index (BMI), WC and hip circumferences, waist to hip ratio (WHR), serum levels of lipid and carotid intima media thickness (CIMT) were measured. LAP was calculated. High resolution B-mode ultrasonography was performed to measured CIMT. Results: Total 130 perimenopausal/menopausal women were studied: Metabolically unhealthy normal weight and metabolically unhealthy overweight/obese 16.15%, 83.84% respectively. Compared LAP<34.5 and LAP>34.5, LAP>34.5 group was associated with higher age, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, BMI, WHR and lipid ratio (p<0.01). Pearson correlation analyses revealed that metabolic unhealthy normal weight and overweight/obese were significantly associated with LAP index but was negatively correlated with subclinical atherosclerosis. Conclusions: LAP index is a marker to differentiate metabolically unhealthy normal weight to metabolically unhealthy overweight/obesity in perimenopausal/menopausal women.
References
Boyko, E.J., Fujimoto, W.Y., Leonetti, D.L., and Newell-Morris, L. (2000). Visceral adiposity and risk of type 2 diabetes: A prospective study among Japanese Americans. Diabetes Care., 23:465-471.
Bozorgmanesh, M., Hadaegh, F., and Azizi, F. (2010). Predictive performances of lipid accumulation product vs. adiposity measures for cardiovascular diseases and all-cause mortality, 8.6-year follow up: Tehran lipid and glucose study. Lipids Health Dis., 9:100.
Despres, J.P. and Lemieux, I. (2006). Abdominal obesity and metabolic syndrome. Nature., 444:881-887.
Fox, C.S., Massaro, J.M., Hoffmann, U., Pou, K.M., Maurovich-Horvat, P., Liu, C.Y., Vasan, R.S., Murabito, J.M., Meigs, J.B., Cupples, L.A., D'Agostino, R.B.Sr., and O'Donnell, C.J. (2007). Abdominal visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue compartments: association with metabolic risk factors in the Framingham Heart Study. Circulation., 116(1):39-48.
Goodpaster, B.H., Krishnaswami, S., Resnick, H., Kelley, D.E., Haggerty, C., Harris, T.B., Schwartz, A.V., Kritchevsky, S. and Newman, A.B. (2003). Association between regional adipose tissue distribution and both type 2 diabetes and impaired glucose tolerance in elderly men and women. Diabetes Care., 26:372-379.
Grundy, S.M., Brewer, H.B.Jr., Cleeman, J.I., Smith, S.C.Jr., and Lenfant, C. (2004). Definition of metabolic syndrome: Report of the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute/American Heart Association conference on scientific issues related to definition. Circulation., 109:433-438.
Ioachimescu, A.G., Brennan, D.M., Hoar, B.M., and Hoogwerf, B.J. (2010). The lipid accumulation product and all-cause mortality in patients at high cardiovascular risk: a PreCIS database study. Obesity (Silver Spring)., 18(9):1,836-1,844.
Kahn, H.S. (2005). The "lipid accumulation product" performs better than the body mass index for recognizing cardiovascular risk: a population-based comparison. BMC Cardiovascular Disorders., 5:26.
Kahn, H.S. (2006). The lipid accumulation product is better than BMI for identifying diabetes: a population-based comparison. Diabetes care., 29:151-153.
Kanaya, A.M., Harris, T., Goodpaster, B.H., Tylavsky, F., and Cummings, S.R. (2004). Health, Aging, and Body Composition (ABC) Study: Adipocytokines attenuate the association between visceral adiposity and diabetes in older adults. Diabetes Care., 27:1,375-1,380.
Lemieux, I., Pascot, A., Couillard, C., Lamarche, B., Tchernof, A., Alméras, N., Bergeron, J., Gaudet, D., Tremblay, G., Prud'homme, D., Nadeau, A. and Després, J.P. (2000). Hypertriglyceridemic waist: A marker of the atherogenic metabolic triad (hyperinsulinemia; hyperapolipoprotein b; small, dense ldl) in men? Circulation., 102:179-184.
National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults (Adult Treatment Panel III). (2002). Third Report of the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults (Adult Treatment Panel III) final report. Circulation., 106(25):3,143-3,421.
Nissen, S.E., Nicholls, S.J., Wolski, K., Rodés-Cabau, J., Cannon, C.P., Deanfield, J.E., Després, J.P., Kastelein, J.J., Steinhubl, S.R., Kapadia, S., Yasin, M., Ruzyllo, W., Gaudin, C., Job, B., Hu, B., Bhatt, D.L., Lincoff, A.M. and Tuzcu, E.M. (2008). STRADIVARIUS Investigators: Effect of rimonabant on progression of atherosclerosis in patients with abdominal obesity and coronary artery disease: The Stradivarius randomized controlled trial. JAMA., 299:1,547-1,560.
Oka, R., Miura, K., Sakurai, M., Nakamura, K., Yagi, K., Miyamoto, S., Moriuchi, T., Mabuchi, H., Koizumi, J., Nomura, H., Takeda, Y., Inazu, A., Nohara, A., Kawashiri, M.A., Nagasawa, S., Kobayashi, J. and Yamagishi, M. (2010). Impacts of visceral adipose tissue and subcutaneous adipose tissue on metabolic risk factors in middle-aged Japanese. Obesity (Silver Spring)., 18(1):153-160.
Reaven, G.M. (2007). The individual components of the metabolic syndrome: is there a raison d'etre? J Am Coll Nutr., 26:191-195.
Schaffer, J.E. (2003). Lipotoxicity: when tissues overeat. Curr Opin Lipidol., 14:281-287.
Tulloch-Reid, M.K., Hanson, R.L., Sebring, N.G., Reynolds, J.C., Premkumar, A., Genovese, D.J. and Sumner, A.E. (2004). Both subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue correlate highly with insulin resistance in African Americans. Obes Res 12:1,352-1,359.
Unger, R.H. (2003a). Lipid overload and overflow: metabolic trauma and the metabolic syndrome. Trends Endocrinol Metab., 14:398-403.
Unger, R.H. (2003b). Weapons of lean body mass destruction: the role of ectopic lipids in the metabolic syndrome. Endocrinology., 144:5,159-5,165.
Vanuzzo, D., Pilotto, L., Mirolo, R., and Pirelli, S. (2008). Cardiovascular risk and cardiometabolic risk: an epidemiological evaluation. G Ital Cardiol (Rome)., 9(4 Suppl 1):6S-17S.
Wagenknecht, L.E., Langefeld, C.D., Scherzinger, A.L., Norris, J.M., Haffner, S.M., Saad, M.F. and Bergman, R.N. (2003). Insulin sensitivity, insulin secretion, and abdominal fat: The insulin resistance atherosclerosis study (iras) family study. Diabetes, 52:2490-2496.
Wehr, E., Pilz, S., Boehm, B.O., März, W., and Obermayer-Pietsch, B. (2011). The lipid accumulation product is associated with increased mortality in normal weight postmenopausal women. Obesity (Silver Spring)., 19(9):1,873-1,880.
Wiltgen, D., Benedetto, I.G., Mastella, L.S., and Spritzer, P.M. (2009). Lipid accumulation product index: a reliable marker of cardiovascular risk in polycystic ovary syndrome. Hum Reprod,. 24(7):1,726-1,731.
