PREPARATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF SILICA FROM SUGARCANE BAGASSE ASH AS A FILLER IN NATURAL RUBBER
Keywords:
Silica, sugarcane bagasse ash, natural rubber, compositeAbstract
In this study, silica particles were prepared from sugarcane bagasse ash (SBA) by the acid precipitation method. The chemical composition, chemical structure, morphology, and particle size distribution of the SBA, extracted silica, and commercial silica were characterized. The silica content in the SBA was 64.8%. After the extraction process, the silica content increased to 91.4%. X-ray diffraction analysis indicated that the extracted silica was amorphous. The Fourier transform infrared spectrum of the extracted silica confirmed the silica’s characteristics. The results from a scanning electron microscope and particle size analyzer revealed that the extracted silica had an irregular shape with a particle size of 26.97±18.43 μm. The specific surface area of the commercial silica was higher than that of the extracted silica. The effect of the extracted silica content on the cure characteristics, mechanical properties, and morphology of extracted silica/natural rubber (NR) composites were studied. Moreover, at a silica content of 20 phr, the properties of the extracted silica/NR composite were compared with the commercial silica/NR composite. The cure time of the extracted silica/NR composites increased with increasing the extracted silica content due to the disturbance of the vulcanization process by the silica surface. The extracted silica/NR composite showed a shorter scorch time and cure time than the commercial silica/NR composite due to acceleration of the vulcanization process by the residue metal oxide in the extracted silica. The modulus and hardness of the NR composites were increased while the elongation at break, tensile strength, and tear strength were decreased with increasing the extracted silica content. The mechanical properties of the commercial silica/NR composite were higher than those of the extracted silica/NR composites because the commercial silica had a smaller particle size than the extracted silica. The incorporation of a silane coupling agent (Si-69) resulted in reduced scorch time.
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