REDUCTION OF Cr6+ BY Fe3O4 AND Cr- ROLE IN GLUCOSE CONVERSION TO HMF IN AQUEOUS MEDIUM
Abstract
Magnetite (Fe3O4) was synthesized via the hydrothermal method and then used as an adsorbent for Cr6+ removal from water. Cr-adsorbed Fe3O4 (Cr/Fe3O4) with various Cr concentrations were then applied as catalysts for glucose dehydration in aqueous solution. The role of Cr-adsorbed species for the catalytic performance was investigated. The absorption ability and reducibility of the Fe3O4 for Cr6+ were investigated. The maximum adsorption ability of 3.3 mg/gFe3O4 was determined at 10 ppm Cr6+ concentration using UV-Visible spectroscopy. The Fe and Cr species on Cr/Fe3O4 investigated by X-ray absorption spectroscopy were in trivalent forms of FeOOH and CrOOH which clearly resulted in a reduction of Cr6+ on the Fe3O4 surface. The existent structures corresponded to the BrØnsted acidic sites. This result clearly confirmed the reduction ability of Fe3O4 to transform Cr6+ to Cr3+. The catalytic performances of the Fe3O4 and Cr/Fe3O4 acidic catalysts were investigated for glucose dehydration in an aqueous medium under hydrothermal conditions. The presence of the FeOOH and CrOOH species on the Cr/Fe3O4 catalyst clearly improved their catalytic performance for glucose dehydration to a 5-hydroxymehylfurfural (HMF) product. About 50% of the HMF yield was reached by 20 ppm Cr/Fe3O4. The maximum turnover number was observed by 1 ppm of Cr/Fe3O4 catalyst. The improvement of the HMF yield was strongly dependent on the Cr-adsorbed species and dispersion on the Fe3O4 surface.
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