EFFECT OF FIRED CLAY BRICK AGGREGATES ON MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF CONCRETE
Keywords:
Brick waste, coarse aggregates, fired clay bricks, concreteAbstract
This study presents an experimental program to evaluate the effect of using crushed brick waste in concrete as a replacement for natural coarse aggregates. Coarse aggregates from bricks were obtained by crushing fired clay bricks. The properties of the brick coarse aggregates concrete including density, compressive strength, tensile splitting strength, flexural strength, modulus of elasticity, and stress-strain behavior were determined and compared with concrete made of natural aggregates. Two replacement ratios of brick coarse aggregates i.e., 50% and 100% were investigated. Test results indicated that the strength-related properties of brick aggregates concrete reduced as the percentage of crushed brick aggregates increased in the concrete mixture. However, although the ultimate stress level for brick aggregates concrete was lower than that of the normal concrete, the resulting strain increased as the percentage of brick coarse aggregates increased in the concrete mixtures, indicating that concrete containing brick aggregates is more ductile as compared with the natural aggregates concrete.
References
Akhtaruzzaman, A.A. and Hasnat, A. (1983). Properties of concrete using crushed brick as aggregate. Concrete Int., 5(2):58-63.
Alengaram, U.J., Mahmud, H.B., Jumaat, M.Z., and Shirazi, S.M. (2010). Effect of aggregate size and proportion on strength properties of palm kernel shell concrete. Int. J. Phys. Sci., 5(12):1848-1856.
Aliabdo, A.A., Abd-Elmoaty, A-E.M., and Hassan, H.H. (2014). Utilization of crushed clay brick in concrete industry. Alexandria Eng. J., 53(1):151-168.
Amin, A.F. and Choudhury, J.R. (2015). Intrinsic properties of brick aggregate concrete: a review. Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Advances in Civil Infrastructure and Construction Materials; December 14-15, 2015; Dhaka, Bangladesh, p. 1-11.
ASTM C39/C39M. (2018). Standard Test Method for Compressive Strength of Cylindrical Concrete Specimens. ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, USA.
ASTM C469/C469M. (2014). Standard Test Method for Static Modulus of Elasticity and Poisson’s Ratio of Concrete in Compression. ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, USA.
ASTM C496/C496M. (2017). Standard Test Method for Splitting Tensile Strength of Cylindrical Concrete Specimens. ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, USA.
ASTM C78/C78M. (2018). Standard Test Method for Flexural Strength of Concrete (Using Simple Beam with Third-Point Loading). ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, USA.
Cachim, P.B. (2009). Mechanical properties of brick aggregate concrete. Constr. Build. Mater., 23(3):1292-1297.
Carrasquillo, R.L., Nilson, A.H., and Slate, F.O. (1981). Microcracking and behavior of high strength concrete subject to short-term loading. J. Am. Concrete I., 78(3):179-186.
Debieb, F. and Kenai, S. (2008). The use of coarse and fine crushed bricks as aggregate in concrete. Constr. Build. Mater., 22(5):886-893.
Ghazi, O.M. (2011). Properties of hardened concrete using crushed clay brick as aggregates. Journal of Engineering, 17(4):1022-1038.
Hasnat, A., Islam, M.M., and Amin, A. (2015). Enhancing the debonding strain limit for CFRP-strengthened RC beams using U-clamps: Identification of design parameters. J. Compos. Const., 20(1):4015039.
Haxon Construction and Real Estate. (2018). Haxon Group. Available from: http://www.haxongroup. com/construction.php. Accessed date: May 20, 2018.
Husain, H.M., Al-Hamed, A.M.S., and Kasim, M.K.H. (1995). The use of crushed brick pretreated with cement syrup as aggregate for concrete. Tikrit J. Eng. Sci., 2(2).
Islam, M.M., Choudhury, M.S.I., and Amin, A. (2015). Dilation effects in FRP-confined square concrete columns using stone, brick, and recycled coarse aggregates. J. Compos. Const., 20(1):4015017.
Jayaprithika, A. and Sekar, S.K. (2016). Stress-strain characteristics and flexural behaviour of reinforced Eco-friendly coconut shell concrete. Constr. Build. Mater., 117:244-250.
Joseph, S., McGarry, B., Sajjakulnukit, B., and Sopchokchai, O. (1990). A study of brick production in Thailand. Thailand Development Research Institute Quarterly Review, 5(2):11-15.
Kallak, F.S. (2009). Use of crushed bricks as coarse aggregate in concrete. Tikrit J. Eng. Sci., 16(3):64-69.
Kallak, F.S. (2009). Use of crushed bricks as coarse aggregate in concrete. Tikrit J. Eng. Sci., 16(3):64-69.
Katz, A. (2003). Properties of concrete made with recycled aggregate from partially hydrated old concrete. Cement Concrete Res., 33(5):703-711.
Khalaf, F.M. and DeVenny, A.S. (2004). Performance of brick aggregate concrete at high temperatures. J. Mat. Civil Eng., 16(6):556-565.
Khaloo, A.R. (1994). Properties of concrete using crushed clinker brick as coarse aggregate. ACI Mater. J., 91(4):401-407.
Lim, J.C. and Ozbakkaloglu, T. (2014). Stress–strain model for normal- and light-weight concretes under uniaxial and triaxial compression. Constr. Build. Mater., 71:492-509.
Mansur, M.A., Wee, T.H., and Lee, S.C. (1999). Crushed bricks as coarse aggregate for concrete. ACI Mater. J., 96(4):478-484.
Mohammed, T.U., Hasnat, H., Awal, M.A., and Bosunia, S.Z. (2014). Recycling of brick aggregate concrete as coarse aggregate. J. Mater. Civil Eng., 27(7):B4014005.
Oikonomou, N.D. (2005). Recycled concrete aggregates. Cement Concrete Comp., 27(2):315-318.
Pinterest. (2018a). Ayutthaya City: Temples of Ancient Thailand Capital. Available From: https:// www.pinterest.com/pin/161425967867554291/. Accessed date: May 20, 2018.
Pinterest. (2018b). Interlocking Bricks. Available from: https://www.pinterest.com/pin/544020829970488745/?lp=true. Accessed date: May 20, 2018.
Poon, C.S. and Chan, D. (2007). The use of recycled aggregate in concrete in Hong Kong. Resour. Conserv. Recy., 50(3):293-305.
Poon, C.S. and Chan, D. (2006a). Feasible use of recycled concrete aggregates and crushed clay brick as unbound road sub-base. Constr. Build. Mater., 20(8):578-585.
Poon, C.S. and Chan, D. (2006b). Paving blocks made with recycled concrete aggregate and crushed clay brick. Constr. Build. Mater., 20(8):569-577.
Poon, C.S., Kou, S.C., and Lam, L. (2002). Use of recycled aggregates in molded concrete bricks and blocks. Constr. Build. Mater., 16(5):281-289.
Rashid, M.A., Salam, M.A., Shill, S.K., and Hasan, M.K. (2012). Effect of replacing natural coarse aggregate by brick aggregate on the properties of concrete. Dhaka Univ. Eng. Technol. J., 1:17-22.
Ravindrarajah, R.S. and Swamy, R.N. (1989). Load effects on fracture of concrete. Mater. Struct., 22(1):15-22.
Sagoe-Crentsil, K.K., Brown, T., and Taylor, A.H. (2001). Performance of concrete made with commercially produced coarse recycled concrete aggregate. Cement Concrete Res., 31(5):707-712.
Tavakoli, M. and Soroushian, P. (1996). Strength of recycled aggregate concrete made with using field-demolished concrete as aggregate. ACI Mater. J., 93(2):182-192.
Thomson Tiles Factory. (2013). Hollow Brick, Construction Aggregates. Available from: https://www.indiamart. com/proddetail/hollow-brick-7633026630.html. Accessed date: May 20, 2018.
Topcu, I.B. (1997). Physical and mechanical properties of concretes produced with waste concrete. Cement Concrete Res., 27(12):1817-1823.
Tu, T-Y., Chen, Y-Y., and Hwang, C-L. (2006). Properties of HPC with recycled aggregates. Cement Concrete Res., 36(5):943-950.
Uddin, M.T., Khan, A.Z., and Mahmood, A.H. (2015). Recycling of demolished brick aggregate concrete as coarse and fine aggregates. Proceedings of the International Conference on the Regeneration and Conservation of Concrete Structures; June 1-3, 2015; Nagasaki, Japan.
Witchayangkoon, B., Pattanasuwan, M., Nakarin, P., and Jampatong, P. (2013). Recycling dumped concrete for making concrete paving blocks. American Transactions on Engineering & Applied Sciences, 2(3):247-252.
Yang, J., Du, Q., and Bao, Y. (2011). Concrete with recycled concrete aggregate and crushed clay bricks. Constr. Build. Mater., 25(4):1935-1945.
Zaitsev, Y.B. and Wittmann, F.H. (1981). Simulation of crack propagation and failure of concrete. Matériaux et Construction, 14(5):357-365.








