EFFECT OF PROCESSING PARAMETERS OF HYDROPHOBIC FILM ON CERAMIC TILE
Keywords:
Hydrophobic, coating techniques, Design Expert, softwareAbstract
The work in this research fabricated hydrophobic SiO2 nanoparticles modified withtetraethylorthosilicate (TEOS), poly-(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS), and methyltriethoxysilane(MTES) using a sol-gel method. The effects of the precursors, coating techniques, andcuring conditions were investigated. A water contact angle (WCA) measurement was doneusing a sessile drop method with an optical contact measuring apparatus. Morphologies ofthe hydrophobic films were depicted using scanning electron microscopy. All data wereanalyzed using Design Expert® software. The results showed that the morphology ofthe hydrophobic films had a nano-roughness as evidenced by the high contact angle.The largest predicted WCA of these is 150.306º, which will be obtained witha TEOS:SiO2:PDMS:MTES ratio equal to 7.00:3.374:2.75:3.00 wt%, respectively. It iscoated using a dipping technique and oven cured at 400°C.
References
Gurav, A.B., Xu, Q., Latthe, S.S., Vhatkar, R.S., Liu,S., Yoon, H., and Yoon, S.S. (2015).Superhydrophobic coatings prepared from methylmodifiedsilica particles using simple dip-coatingmethod. Ceram. Int., 41(2):3017-3023.
Hallmann, S., Fink, M.J., and Mitchell, B.S. (2010).Wetting properties of silicon films from alkylpassivatedparticles produced by mechanochemicalsynthesis. J. Colloid Interf. Sci., 348(2):634-641.
Hozumi, A., Cheng, D.F., and Yagihashi, M. (2011).Hydrophobic/superhydrophobic oxidized metalsurfaces showing negligible contact angle hysteresis.J. Colloid Interf. Sci., 353(2):582-587.
Hsu, C.C., Lan, W.L., Chen, N.P., and Wu, C.C. (2014).The hydrophobic and omnidirectional antireflectioncoating of SiO 2 nanospheres with C 18-TEOS.Opt. Laser Technol., 58:202-206.
Hwang, J.H., Lee, B.I., Klep, V., and Luzinov, I. (2008).Transparent hydrophobic organic–inorganicnanocomposite films. Mater. Res. Bull., 43(10):2652-2657.
Lin, J.J., Chu, C.C., Chiang, M.L., and Tsai, W.C. (2006).Manipulating assemblies of high-aspect-ratio claysand fatty amine salts to form surfaces exhibitinga lotus effect. Adv. Mater., 18(24):3248-3252.
Liu, L.D., Lin, C.S., Tikekar, M., and Chen, P.H. (2011).Superhydrophobic transparent films from silicapowder: Comparison of fabrication methods. ThinSolid Films, 519(19):6224-6229.
Nadargi, D.Y., Gurav, J.L., El Hawi, N., Rao, A.V., andKoebel, M. (2010). Synthesis and characterizationof transparent hydrophobic silica thin films bysingle step sol–gel process and dip coating. J. Alloy.Compd., 496(1):436-441.
Prertkaew, T., Punsukumtana, L., and Srilomsak, S.(2012). Effects of sol-gel processing factors ontransmittance and surface free energy of TEOS-SiO2-PDMS films. Suranaree J. Sci. Technol.,19(4):237-249.
Prertkaew, T., Srilomsak, S., and Punsukumtana, L.(2012). Statistical analysis parameters effect oncontact angle of TEOS-SiO 2-PDMS films preparedby sol-gel process. Songklanakarin J. Sci. Technol.,34(3):323-327.
Wang, F., Song, S., and Zhang, J. (2009). Surfacetexturing of porous silicon with capillary stressand its superhydrophobicity. Chem. Commun.,(28):4239-4241.
Wang, M.F., Raghunathan, N., and Ziaie, B. (2007).A nonlithographic top-down electrochemicalapproach for creating hierarchical (micro-nano)superhydrophobic silicon surfaces. Langmuir,23(5):2300-2303.
Wen, X.F., Wang, K., Pi, P.H., Yang, J.X., Cai, Z.Q.,Zhang, L.J., and Cheng, J. (2011). Organic–inorganic hybrid superhydrophobic surfaces usingmethyltriethoxysilane and tetraethoxysilane sol–gelderived materials in emulsion. Appl. Surf. Sci.,258(3):991-998.
Wu, L.Y., Tan, G.H., Qian, M., and Li, T.H. (2005).Formulation of transparent hydrophobic sol-gelhard coatings. Singapore Inst. Manufac. Technol.Tech. Reports., 6(2):1-4.
anti-angiogenic potential of pomegranate fractions in vitroand in vivo. Angiogenesis, 6:121-128.
Wajant, H. (2002). The Fas signaling pathway: more thana paradigm. Science, 296(5573):1635-1636.
Walker, P.R., Kokileva, L., LeNlanc, J., and Sikorska,M. (1993). Detection of the initial stages ofDNA fragmentation in apoptosis. Biotechniques,15:1032-1040.
Walsh, J.G., Cullen, S.P., Sheridan, C., Luthi, A.U.,Gerner, C., and Martin, S.J. (2008). Executionercaspase-3 and caspase-7 are functionally distinctproteases. P. Natl Acad. Sci. USA, 105:12815-12819.
Wen, L.P., Fahrni, J.A., Troie, S., Guan, J.L., Orth, K., andRosen, G.D. (1997). Cleavage of focal adhesionkinase by caspases during apoptosis. J. Biol. Chem.,272:26056-26061.
Wolf, B.B., Schuler, M., Escheverri, F., and Green, D.R.(1999). Caspase-3 is the primary activator ofapoptotic DNA fragmentation via DNAfragmentation factor-45/inhibitor of caspaseactivatedDNase inactivation. J. Biol. Chem.,274:30651-30656.
Wyllie, A.H. (1988). Glucocorticoid-induced thymocyteapoptosis is associated with endogenousendonuclease activation. Nature, 284:555-556.
Xue, L.Y., Chiu, S.M., and Oleinick, N.L. (2001).Photodynamic therapy-induced death of MCF-7human breast cancer cells: a role for caspase-3 inthe late steps of apoptosis but not for the criticallethal event. Exp. Cell Res., 263:145-155.
Yip, C.H. (2009). Breast cancer in Asia. Methods inMolecular Biology, 471:51-64.
Zhou, H.B., Yan, Y., Sun, Y.N., and Zhu, J.R. (2003).Resveratrol induces apoptosis in human esophagealcarcinoma cells. World J. Gastroentero., 9(3):408-411.
