URBAN FLOOD MITIGATION AND PREVENTION USING THE MIKE 21 MODEL: A CASE STUDY OF NAKHON RATCHASIMA PROVINCE, THAILAND
Keywords:
MIKE 21 model, urban flood simulation, urban flood severity classification, Nakhon Ratchasima ProvinceAbstract
Nakhon Ratchasima Province has suffered from several severe urban floods during the past 4 decades. Particularly, an urban flood occurred on 18th October, 2010 that resulted in loss of life and affected physical, social, economic, and environmental features. Therefore, this study attempts to apply a new advanced 2D hydrodynamic model, MIKE 21, to simulate the urban flood event in 2010 with actual conditions for urban flood mitigation and prevention in Mueang district of Nakhon Ratchasima Province. The specific objectives are: (1) to identify the optimum parameters of the MIKE 21 model for urban flood simulation; (2) to characterize the urban flood event in 2010 and its severity; and (3) to identify the minimal cut-off inflow for urban flood mitigation and prevention in the future. Three main components of the research methodology were here implemented and included: 1) data collection and preparation; 2) simulation of the urban flood in 2010 and classification of its severity; and 3) an urban flood scenario simulation for flood mitigation and prevention. The main land use class in 2010 of the study area by visual interpretation of multi-temporal remotely sensed data was agricultural land which covered an area of 239 sq. km or 60.19% of the area; the minor land use class was forest land which covered an area of 2.19 sq. km or 0.55%. By validation of the simulated urban flood in 2010 with the actual flood map of GISTDA and by comparison with known locations of the flood recorded in 2010 from both various government agencies and a ground survey in 2014, the normal Manning’s M number was determined as the optimum value for urban flood simulation by the MIKE 21 flow model and it was used to quantify the urban flood information (extent, depth, velocity, and duration) for the flood severity classification and economic value loss assessment. The dominant land use classes affected by the maximum extent of the urban flood on 24th October, 2010 were agricultural land and urban and built-up areas that covered an area of 76.89 sq. km or 86.62% and 7.74 sq. km or 8.72% of the study area, respectively.
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