MULTIVARIATE ANALYSIS OF HEAVY METAL CONCENTRATIONS IN SOIL, ROOF DUST, AND DUSTFALL IN NAKHON RATCHASIMA, THAILAND
Keywords:
Heavy metal, contamination, dust, multivariate analysis, ThailandAbstract
Concentration of 9 heavy metals (HMs) in soil, roof dust, and dustfall samples in 10 communities in Nakhon Ratchasima province, Thailand, were investigated in this study. The soil and dust samples were dried, screened, and digested prior to the analysis of the HMs using ICP-MS equipment. Enrichment factors (EFs) were used to evaluate the level of contamination, and multivariate statistical analyses were performed to identify potential pollutant sources. The results showed that the prevalent elements in both dust types were Fe, Mn, Zn, Cr, Cu, and Pb. Significant differences were found among the concentrations in the soil and the 2 types of dust. Contamination by humans, as indicated by high EF values, was evident at various levels in the study area. Two communities, Nakhon Ratchasima city municipality and Pimai, stood out as the areas with higher enrichment concern, possibly because of their local traffic and industrial sources such as metal plating and metal welding businesses, car painting shops, and large industrial enterprises situated within their areas. Results from the principal component analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis (CA) suggested the possible classification of Cu/Cd/Pb as a group with common anthropogenic sources, and Fe/Mn as another group with natural sources. The findings can foster more focused study on HM contamination and assist efforts to protect urban populations
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