COMPARISON OF CARBON EMITTED FROM OX, BUFFALO, PIG, AND CHICKEN FARMS AND SLAUGHTERHOUSES IN MEAT PRODUCTION

Nathawut  Thanee; Wut  Dankittikul; Prayong  Keeratiurai

Authors

Nathawut Thanee School of Biology, Institute of Science, Suranaree University of Technology, 111 University Avenue, Suranaree, Muang, Nakhon Ratchasima Province 30000, Thailand.
Wut Dankittikul School of Environmental Engineering, Institute of Engineering, Suranaree University of Technology, 111 University Avenue, Suranaree, Muang, Nakhon Ratchasima Province 30000, Thailand
Prayong Keeratiurai School of Environmental Engineering, Institute of Engineering, Suranaree University of Technology, 111 University Avenue, Suranaree, Muang, Nakhon Ratchasima Province 30000, Thailand

Keywords:

2024-T351 aluminium alloy, crack coalescence, fatigue, friction stir welding

Abstract

The carbon budget of oxen, buffaloes, pigs, and chickens during meat production were studied to determinecarbon emitted from farms, to investigate the rate of carbon massflow from plants to ox, buffalo, pig,and chicken in the food chain and to study the carbon emission in energy patterns that was used in meatproduction in Nakhon Ratchasima province. The study showed that the carbon emitted per unit fromfarms and slaughterhouses in ox, buffalo, pig, and chicken meat production was 0.0066, 0.0051, 0.0339,and 0.0851 kg.C/kg. living weight/day, respectively. The carbon fixation in meat and organs of ox,buffalo, pig, and chicken was 0.0102, 0.0104, 0.0062, and 0.0111 kg.C/kg. living weight/day, respectively,and the rate of carbon massflow from grass and animal feed was 0.0148, 0.0143, 0.0087, and 0.0184kg.C/kg. living weight/day, respectively. This study also showed that the percentage of carbon fixationin meat and organs of ox, buffalo, pig, and chicken to the sum of carbon contents in grass and feed usedfor feeding was 69.24%, 72.53%, 71.18%, and 60.45%, respectively. The ratio of total carbon emittedto total carbon contents in grass and feed used for ox, buffalo, pig, and chicken feeding was 0.31, 0.28,0.28, and 0.39, respectively. The ratio of total carbon emitted per day to carbon fixation per day in meatand organs of ox, buffalo, pig, and chicken was 0.45, 0.38, 0.40, and 0.65, respectively. Ox productionproduced more environmentally harmful carbon than buffalo production. The results also showed thatthe ratio of CH4 to CO2 emitted from faeces, enteric fermentation and respiration of ox was higher thanthe value from buffalo. For the equal quantity of meat production, it is suggested that ox meatproduction should be reduced while the buffalo meat production should be increased to lessen theenvironmental impact. Moreover, of the four animals, carbon emitted from buffalo and pig will giveless environmental problems and farming/slaughterhouses should be more encouraged than ox andchicken farming/slaughterhouses. The carbon contents emitted in meat production in ton C per yearfrom ox, buffalo, pig, and chicken farms and slaughterhouses in Nakhon Ratchasima province can beshown by using the equation from mass conservation and the numbers of animals as follows; Cemitted= (0.73) Oxen + (0.85) Buffaloes + (1.25) Pigs + (0.07) Chickens.

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