THE STUDY OF SOYBEAN OIL OR WHOLE COTTONSEED SUPPLEMENTATION ON PERFORMANCE AND CLA ACCUMULATION IN BEEF
Keywords:
Fattening cattle, conjugated linoleic acid, fatty acid, soybean oil, whole cottonseedAbstract
The effects of soybean oil (SBO) and whole cottonseed (WCS) supplementation of fattening cattlediets on performance and CLA accumulation in beef were investigated in this study. Eighteen fatteningcattle, averaging 241±24 kg live weigh and approximate by 1 year old, were stratified by live weightsinto three groups and each group was randomly assigned group to one of three dietary treatments.The treatments were 1) control (concentrate 14% crude protein), 2) control and supplemented with170 g/d SBO, and 3) control plus 170 g/d of oil from whole cottonseed (WCS). The animals were weighedand slaughtered and carcass measurements were obtained. There were no significant differences inthe final body weigh (BW), average daily gain (ADG) and dry matter intake (DMI) among the treatments.However, Crude protein intake (CPI) significantly decreased (P < 0.01) when fed with WCS incomparison with control and SBO treatments. Carcass composition and carcass characteristics ofcattle fed by SBO and WSC were not significantly different in longissimus and semimembranosusmuscle when compared with control treatment group. Supplementing SBO increased (P < 0.01) inC18:2 cis-9, trans-11 CLA by 116% in longissimus muscle and by 240% in semimembranosus muscle.However, feeding WSC in diet did not increase C18:2 cis-9, trans-11 CLA in both muscle. In this study,need a subject here have successfully increased the C18:2 cis-9, trans-11 CLA content of muscle lipidsby SBO but not WCS.
References
Andrae, J.G., Duckett, S.K., Hunt, C.W., Pritchard,G.T., and Owens, F.N. (2001). Effects offeeding high-oil corn to beef steers oncarcass characteristics and meat quality.J.Anim. Sci., 79:582-588.
Association of Official Analytical Chemists.(1995). Official Methods of Analysis. 16thed.AOAC,Arlington,VA, USA, 1,110p.
Bauman, D.E., Baumgard, L.H., Corl, B.A., andGriinari, J.M. (1999). Biosynthesis ofconjugated linoleic acid in ruminants. Proc.Am. Soc. Anim. Sci., E30; Available: http://www.asas.org/symposia/1998-1999.htm,p. 1-15.
Beaulieu,A.D., Drackley, J.K., and Merchen, N.R.(2002). Concentrations of conjugatedlinoleic acid (cis-9, trans-11-octadecadienoicacid) are not increased in tissuelipids of cattle fed a high-concentrate dietsupplemented with soybean oil. J. Anim.Sci., 80:847-861.
Belury, M.A. (2002). Inhibition of carcinogenesisby conjugated linoleic acid: potentialmechanisms of action. J. Nutr., 132:2,995-2,998.
Blankson, H., Stakkestad, J.A., Fagertun, H.,Thom, E., Wadstein, J., and Gudmundsen,O. (2000). Conjugated linoleic acid reducesbody fat mass in overweight and obesehumans. J. Nutr., 130:2,943-2,948.
Cook, M.E., Miller, C.C., Park,Y., and Pariza, M.(1993). Immune modulation by alterednutrient metabolism-nutritional control ofimmune-induced growth depression.Poultry Sci., 72:1,301-1,305.
Bolte, M.R., Hess, B.W., Means, W.J., Moss, G.E.,and Rule, D.C. (2002). Feeding lambs higholeateor high-linoleate safflower seedsdifferentially influences carcass fatty acidcomposition1. J. Anim. Sci., 80:609-616.
Corl, B.A., Barbano, D.M., Bauman, D.E., andIp, C. (2003). cis-9, trans-11 CLA derivedendogenously from trans-11 18:1 reducescancer risk in rats. J. Nutr., 133:2,893-2,900.
Corl, B.A., Baumgard, L.H., Dwyer, D.A., Giinari,J.M., Phillips, B.S., and Bauman, D.E.(2001). The role of 9-desaturase in theproduction of cis-9, trans-11 CLA. J. Nutr.Biochem., 12:622-630.
Craston, J.J., Rivera, J.D., Galyean, M.L.,Brashears, M.M., Brooks, J.C., Markham,C.E., McBeth, L.J., and Krehbiel, C.R.(2006). Effects of feeding whole cottonseedand cottonseed products on performanceand carcass characteristics of finishingbeef cattle. J. Anim. Sci., 84:2,186-2,199.
Dhiman, T.R., Zaman, S., Olson, K.C., Bingham,H.R., Ure A.L., and Pariza, M.W. (2005).Influence of feeding soybean oil onconjugated linoleic acid content in beef.J.Agric. Food Chem., 53:684-689.
Engle, T.E., Spears, J.W., Fellner, V., and Odle,J. (2000). Effects of soybean oil anddietary copper on ruminal and tissue lipidmetabolism in finishing steers. J. Anim. Sci.,78:2,713-2,721.
Folch, J., Lees, M., and Sloane-Stanley, G.H.(1957).A simple method for the isolationand purification of total lipids from animaltissues. J. Bio. Chem., 226:495-509.
Garcia, M.R., Amstalden, M., Morrison, C.D.,Keisler, D.H., and Williams, G.L. (2003).Age at puberty, total fat and conjugatedlinoleic acid content of carcass and circulatingmetabolic hormones in beef heifersfed a diet high in linoleic acid beginning atfour months of age. J. Anim. Sci., 81:261-268.
Gaullier, J., Halse, J., Hoye, K., Kristiansen, K.,Fagertun, H., Vik, H., and Gudmundsen, O.(2005). Supplementation with conjugatedlinoleic acid for 24 months is well toleratedby and reduces body fat mass in healthy,overweight humans. J. Nutr., 135:778-784.
Gibb, D.J., Owens, F.N., Mir, P.S., Mir, Z., Ivan,M., and McAllisster,T.A. (2004). Value ofsunflower seed in finishing diets offeedlot cattle. J. Anim. Sci., 82:2,679-2,692.
Griinari, J.M., Dwyer, D.A., McGuire, M.A.,Bauman, D.E., Palmouist, D.L., andNurmela, K.V.V. (1998). Trans-octadecenoicacids and milk fat depression in lactatingdairy cows. J. Dairy Sci., 81:1,251-1,261.
Griswold, K.E., Apgar, G.A., Robinson, R.A.,Jacobson, B.N., Johnson, D., and Woody,H.D. (2003). Effectiveness of short-termfeeding strategies for altering conjugatedlinoleic acid content of beef. J. Anim. Sci.,81:1,862-1,871.
Houseknecht, K.L., Vanden Heuvel, J.P., Moya-Camarena, S.Y., Portocarrero, C.P., Peck,L.W., Nickel, K.P., and Belury, M.A. (1998).Dietary conjugated linoleic acid normalizesimpaired glucose tolerance in the Zuckerdiabetic fatty fa/fa rat. Biochem BiophysRes. Commun., 244:678-682.
Huerta-Leidenz, N.O., Cross, H.R., Lunt, D.K.,Pelton, L.S., Savell, J.W., and Smith, S.B.(1991). Growth, carcass traits and fatty acidprofiles of adipose tissues from steers fedwhole cottonseed. J. Anim. Sci., 69:3,665-3,672.
Ip, C., Banni, S., Angioni, E., Carta, G.J., McGinley,J., Thompson, H.J., Barbano, D., andBauman, D. (1999). Conjugated linoleicacid-enriched butter fat alters mammarygland morphogenesis and reduces cancerrisk in rats. J. Nutr., 129:2,135-2,143.
Luginbuhl, J.M., Poore, M.H., and Conrad, A.P.(2000). Effect of level of whole cottonseedon intake, digestibility and performance ofgrowing male goats fed hay-based diets.J.Anim. Sci., 78:1,677-1,683.
Madron, M.S., Peterson, D.G., Dwyer, D.A., Corl,B.A., Baumgard, L.H., Beermann, D.H., andBauman, D.E. (2002). Effect of extrudedfull-fat soybeans on conjugated linoleicacid content of intramuscular, intermuscular,and subcutaneous fat in beef steers.J.Anim. Sci., 80:1,135-1,143.
Metcalfe, L.D., Schmitz, A.A., and Pelka, J.R.(1966). Rapid preparation of fatty acidesters from lipids for gas chromatographicanalysis.Analytical Chemistry., 38:514-515.
Mir, P.S., Mir, Z., Kuber, P.S., Gaskins, C.T.,Martin, E.L., Dodson, M.V., Elias Calles,J.A., Johnson, K.A., Busboom, J.R., Wood,A.J., Pittenger, G.J., and Reeves, J.J. (2002).Growth, carcass characteristics, muscleconjugated linoleic acid (CLA) content, andresponse to intravenous glucose challengein high percentage Wagyu, Wagyu ×Limousin, and Limousin steers fedsunflower oil-containing diets. J. Anim.Sci., 80:2,996-3,004.
Mir, P.S., McAllister, T.A., Zaman, S., Jones,S.D.M., He, M.L., Aalhus, J.L., Jeremiah,L.E., Goonewardene, L.A., Weselake, R.J.,and Mir, Z. (2003). Effect of dietarysunflower oil and vitamin E on beef cattleperformance, carcass characteristics andmeat quality. Can. J. Anim. Sci., 83:53-66.
Moore, J.A., Swingle, R.S., and Hale, W.H. (1986).Effects of whole cottonseed, cottonseedoil or animal fat on digestibility of wheatstraw diets by steers. J. Anim. Sci., 63:1,267-1,273.
Noci, F., French, P., Monahan, F.J., and Moloney,A.P. (2007). The fatty acid composition ofmuscle fat and subcutaneous adiposetissue of grazing heifers supplementedwith plant oil-enriched concentrates.J.Anim. Sci., 85:1,062-1,073.
Noci, F., O’Kiely, P., Monahan, F.J., Stanton, C.,and Moloney, A.P. (2005). Conjugatedlinoleic acid concentration in M. Longissimusdorsi from heifers offered sunfloweroil-based concentrates and conservedforages. Meat Sci., 69:509-518.
Nicolosi, R.J., Rogers, E.J., Kritchevsky, D.,Scimeca, J.A., and Huth, P.J. (1997). Dietaryconjugated linoleic acid reduces plasmalipoproteins and early aortic atherosclerosisin hypercholesterolemic hamsters.Artery, 22:266-277.
NRC. (1996). Nutrient Requirements of BeefCattle. 7th ed. (revised): update 2000.National Academic Science, Washington,DC, USA, 223p.
NRC. (2001). Nutrient Requirements of DairyCattle. 7th ed. (revised). National AcademicScience,Washington, DC, USA, 408p.
Ostrowska, E., Dunshea, F.R., Muralitharan, M.,and Cross, R.F. (2000). Comparison ofsilver-ion high-performance liquid chromatographicquantification of free andmethylated conjugated linoleic acids.Lipids, 35:1,147-1,153.
Page, A.M., Sturdivant, C.A., Lunt, D.K., andSmith, S.B. (1997). Dietary whole cottonseeddepresses lipogenesis but has noeffect on stearoyl coenzyme desaturaseactivity in bovine subcutaneous adiposetissue. Comp. Biochem. Physiol., 118(1):79-84.
Palmquist, D.L. (1995). Digestibily of cottonlint fiber and whole oilseeds by ruminalmicroorganism. Anim. Feed. Sci., 56:231-242.
Park, Y., Albright, K.J., Storkson, J.M., Cook,M.E., and Pariza, M.W. (1997). Effect ofconjugated linoleic acid on body compositionin mice. Lipids,32:853-858.
SAS. (1996). User’s Guide: Statistics.Version 6.12.4th ed. SAS Institute, Inc., Cary, NC, USA,474p.
Van Soest, P.J., Robertson, J.B., and Lewis, B.A.(1991). Methods for dietary fiber, neutraldetergent fiber and nostrach polysaccharidesin relation to animal production.J. Dairy Sci., 74:3,583-3,597.
Whitney, M.B., Hess, B.W., Burgwald-Balstad,L.A., Sayer, J.L., Tsopito, C.M., Talbott,C.T., and Hallford, D.M. (2000). Effects ofsupplemental soybean oil level on in vitrodigestion and performance of prepubertalbeef heifers. J. Anim. Sci., 78:504-514.
