Composting of Tannery Sludge with Chicken Manure and Rice Bran
Keywords:
Composting, Tannery sludge, Pathogens, Heavy metals, Organic matter changesAbstract
The study was designed to investigate the development of tannery sludge collected from Kenny leather factory in Melaka, Malaysia to compost material. The sludge contained utilizable nutrients and toxic organic compounds which might affect soil processes and plant growth, and pathogens, which might pose a threat to the local environmental communities. Tannery sludge was composted with chicken manure and rice bran for 50 days to reduce pathogens and toxic organic compounds. The compost was characterized by electrolytic conductivity (EC) of 11.6 dS/m, pH 8.11 and C/N ratio of 16.98. The total concentrations of chromium, lead, cadmium, copper, zinc, iron, and sodium as mg/kg dry compost were 30, 3.2, 1.6, 54, 148, 254 and 2,514, respectively. No Salmonella sp., Shigella sp. or eggs of helminthes were detected in the compost, however, total coliforms decreased by 10². The compost characteristics indicated that it was mature, and the germination index for Chinese cabbage is 82.5%, which may suggest the removal of most of the phototoxic compounds.
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