INVESTIGATION OF CRYSTALLOGRAPHIC STRUCTURE AND FUNCTIONAL GROUP OF SILAR-DEPOSITED THALLIUM CUPROUS SULPHIDE THIN FILMS
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.55766/sujst12287Keywords:
Crystallography, Amorphous, FTIR, SILAR, VibrationAbstract
This study synthesized and characterized thallium cuprous sulphide (TCS) thin films. TCS thin films were prepared using successive ionic layer adsorption and reaction (SILAR) technique from the aqueous solution of thallium chloride (TlCl), copper (II) chloride dihydrate (CuCl2.2H2O), thiourea, and trisodiumcitrate (TSC), while ammonia (NH3), triethanolamine (TEA) and ethylenediaminetetraacetate (EDTA) were used as pH adjuster and complexing agents respectively. A detailed characterization of the TCS thin film was investigated by X-ray diffractometer (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). XRD results showed prominent peaks around (130), (110), (200), (211) orientation planes corresponding to 23.180, 26.720, 37.920 and 51.640. Other lesser peaks appeared around (101), (310), (301) for 33.880, 61.820, 65.840 lattice planes respectively which revealed the growth of a crystalline (carlinite) thallium sulphide (Tl2S) in the fabricated films. FTIR results revealed further that the deposited TCS films can be attached to the Ti-OH lattice vibrations mainly by their OH groups and that C-OH group is undominant, which implies the presence of impurity in the deposited thin film.
References
Adeniji, Q. A., Odunaike, K., Fowodu, T. O., & Talabi, A. T. (2020). Influence of SILAR cycle on the energy bandgap of iron copper sulphide (FeCuS) thin films deposited on SLG substrate. NanoWorld Journal, 5(4), 49-52. https://doi.org/10.17756/nwj.2019-072
Adeniji, Q. A., Odunaike, K., Leshi, D. A., Talabi, A. T., Adeleke, A. T., Abe, A. O., Momoh, R. E., & Musah, F. B. (2021). Optical and electrical analyses of thallium sulphide thin films. Jordan Journal of Physics, 14(3), 249-253. https://doi.org/10.47011/14.3.7
Antony, M. S., & Hyam, R. S. (2023). Au nanoparticles-coated TiO2 SERS active substrate studies-based on plasmonic photonic interference coupling. Materials Science and Engineering: B, 298, Article 116885. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mseb.2023.116885
Aparna, N., Philip, R. S., & Mathew, M. (2023). Deposition of SnS thin films on various substrates at room temperature. Applied Surface Science Advances, 18, 100510. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsadv.2023.100510
Asare, J., Agyei-Tuffour, B., Amonoo, E. A., Dodoo-Arhin, D., Nyankson, E., Mensah, B., & Onwona-Agyeman, B. (2020). Effects of substrates on the performance of optoelectronic devices: A review. Cogent Engineering, 7(1), 1829274. https://doi.org/10.1080/23311916.2020.1829274
Atta, N. A., Kabeer, S. M., & Femi, M. D. (2022). Preparation and optical analysis of copper sulphide thin film using chemical bath deposition method. FUDMA Journal of Sciences, 6(3), 307-312. https://doi.org/10.33003/fjs-2022-0603-1079
Bañuelos, J. L., Borguet, E., Brown, G. E., Jr., Cygan, R. T., DeYoreo, J. J., Dove, P. M., Gaigeot, M.-P., Geiger, F. M., Gibbs, J. M., Grassian, V. H., Ilgen, A. G., Jun, Y.-S., Kabengi, N., Katz, L., Kubicki, J. D., Lützenkirchen, J., Putnis, C. V., Remsing, R. C., Rosso, K. M., ... Zhang, H. (2023). Oxide- and silicate-water interfaces and their roles in technology and the environment. Chemical Reviews, 123(10), 6413-6544. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00130
Bashiri, A., Amirhosseini, A., Mirkazemi, S. M., & Ghanbari, H. (2021). Effect of temperature and water glass addition on the microstructure and physical properties of soda-lime foam glass. Glass Physics and Chemistry, 47(2), 83-90. https://doi.org/10.1134/S1087659621020024
Daraz, U., Ansari, T. M., Arain, S. A., Mansoor, M. A., & Mazhar, M. (2022). Effect of substrate temperature on structural, optical, and photoelectrochemical properties of Tl2S thin films fabricated using AACVD technique. Main Group Metal Chemistry, 45(1), 178-189. https://doi.org/10.1515/mgmc-2022-0017
Eleutério, T., Sério, S., Teodoro, O. M. N. D., Bundaleski, N., & Vasconcelos, H. C. (2020). XPS and FTIR studies of DC reactive magnetron sputtered TiO2 thin films on natural based-cellulose fibers. Coatings, 10(3), 287. https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings10030287
Filippatos, P., Soultati, A., Kelaidis, N., Petaroudis, C., Alivisatou, A.-A., Drivas, C., Kennou, S., Agapaki, E., Charalampidis, G., Yusoff, A. R. bin M., Lathiotakis, N. N., Coutsolelos, A. G., Davazoglou, D., Vasilopoulou, M., & Chroneos, A. (2021). Preparation of hydrogen, fluorine and chlorine doped and co-doped titanium dioxide photocatalysts: A theoretical and experimental approach. Scientific Reports, 11, 5700. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-81979-x
Fowodu, T. O., Adeniji, Q. A., Adelaja, A. D., Odunaike, K., Okusanya, A. A., Falayi, E. O., Akinsipo, O. B., Bamidele, K. J., Ogunneye, A. L., Olayiwola, O. G., Saheed, R. A., Leshi, D. A., & Fagbohun, M. A. (2024). Opto-electrical investigation of thallium cuprate (Tl2Cu) binary chalcogenide thin films via chemical bath deposition technique. Journal of Science and Information Technology, 18(1), 177-184.
Jadhav, V. S., Zaware, A., Dubey, H. K., & Kshirsagar, D. (2022). Radiation-induced compaction in the laboratory-made soda-lime glass caused by 100 MeV Ag+7 ions. International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research, 13(5), 722-731.
Jiang, Y., Liu, T., & Zhou, Y. (2020). Recent advances of synthesis, properties, film fabrication methods, modifications of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene), and applications in solution-processed photovoltaics. Advanced Functional Materials, 30(51), Article 2006213. https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.202006213
Jnido, G., Ohms, G., & Viöl, W. (2019). Deposition of TiO2 thin films on wood substrate by an air atmospheric pressure plasma jet. Coatings, 9(7), 441. https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings9070441
Korir, B. K., Kibet, J. K., & Ngari, S. M. (2024). A review on the current status of dye-sensitized solar cells: Toward sustainable energy. Energy Science & Engineering, 12(8), 3188-3226. https://doi.org/10.1002/ese3.1815
Korjenic, A., & Raja, K. S. (2019). Electrochemical stability of fluorine doped tin oxide (FTO) coating at different pH conditions. Journal of the Electrochemical Society, 166(6), C169-C184. https://doi.org/10.1149/2.0811906jes
Liu, H., Kaya, H., Lin, Y.-T., Ogrinc, A., & Kim, S. H. (2021). Vibrational spectroscopy analysis of silica and silicate glass networks. Journal of the American Ceramic Society, 105(4), 2355-2384. https://doi.org/10.1111/jace.18206
Lukong, V. T., Mouchou, R. T., Enebe, G. C., Ukoba, K., & Jen, T.-C. (2022). Deposition and characterization of self-cleaning TiO2 thin films for photovoltaic application. Materials Today: Proceedings, 62, S63-S72. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2022.02.089
Mihailova, I., Harizanova, R., Shtapleva-Dimova, N., Georgiev, H., & Nedkova-Shtipska, M. (2024). Soda lime silicate glasses containing iron oxide - In vitro evaluation. Journal of Chemical Technology and Metallurgy, 59(6), 1353-1362. https://doi.org/10.59957/jctm.v59.i6.2024.10
Odunaike, K., Adeniji, Q. A., Sheu, A. L., Fowodu, T. O., & Alabi, T. A. (2021). Effect of different SILAR cycle on chemically deposited zinc copper sulphide (ZnCuS). International Journal of Thin Films Science and Technology, 10(2), 117-120. https://doi.org/10.18576/ijtfst/100208
Olayiwola, O. G., Odunaike, K., David, T. W., Talabi, A. T., Adeniji, Q. A., & Fowodu, T. O. (2024). Synthesis of iron copper sulphide (FeCuS) thin film and its characterization. Nigerian Journal of Physics, 33(1), 43-47. https://doi.org/10.62292/njp.v33i1.2024.199
Olejníček, J., Hrubantová, A., Volfová, L., Dvořáková, M., Kohout, M., Tvarog, D., Gedeon, O., Wulff, H., Hippler, R., & Hubička, Z. (2022). WO3 and WO3−x thin films prepared by DC hollow cathode discharge. Vacuum, 195, 110679. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vacuum.2021.110679
Radtke, A. S., & Dickson, F. W. (1975). Carlinite, Tl2S, a new mineral from Nevada. American Mineralogist, 60(7-8), 559-565.
Sinha, S., Nandi, D. K., Kim, S. H., & Heo, J. (2018). Atomic-layer-deposited buffer layers for thin film solar cells using earth-abundant absorber materials: A review. Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells, 176, 49–68. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.solmat.2017.09.044
Soonmin, H. (2022). Recent advances in the growth and characterizations of SILAR-deposited thin films. Applied Sciences, 12(16), 8184. https://doi.org/10.3390/app12168184
Sorarù, G. D., Mariazzi, S., Barozzi, M., Canteri, R., Cassetta, M., Pellegrini, D., Daldosso, N., Brusa, R. S., & Biesuz, M. (2024). On the structure and properties of hydrothermally toughened soda–lime silicate float glass. Journal of the American Ceramic Society, 107(8), 5383–5399. https://doi.org/10.1111/jace.19832
Švagelj, Z., Mandić, V., Ćurković, L., Biošić, M., Žmak, I., & Gaborardi, M. (2020). Titania-coated alumina foam photocatalyst for memantine degradation derived by replica method and sol-gel reaction. Materials, 13(1), 227. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13010227
Taşdemirci, T. Ç. (2019). Effect of different thickness and solution concentration on CuS thin film grown by SILAR method. Journal of Scientific Perspectives, 3(3), 207–214. https://doi.org/10.26900/jsp.3.021
Zaid, M. H. M., Sidek, H. A. A., El-Mallawany, R., Almasri, K. A., & Matori, K. A. (2020). Synthesis and characterization of samarium doped calcium soda-lime-silicate glass derived wollastonite glass-ceramics. Journal of Materials Research and Technology, 9(6), 13153-13160. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmrt.2020.09.058
Zeribi, F., Attaf, A., Derbali, A., Saidi, H., Benmebrouk, L., Aida, M. S., Dahnoun, M., Nouadji, R., & Ezzaouia, H. (2022). Dependence of the physical properties of titanium dioxide (TiO2) thin films grown by sol-gel (spin-coating) process on thickness. ECS Journal of Solid State Science and Technology, 11(2), Article 023003. https://doi.org/10.1149/2162-8777/ac5168
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
Categories
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Qasim Abolanle Adeniji, Khadijat Kuburat Babalola, Surajudeen Otolowo Azeez, Temitope Olasile Fowodu, Rukayat Odunola Opatokun-Saliu, Muhammad Aliyu Salihu
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
