CALCIUM CARBIDE RESIDUE AND GLASS AS CEMENT REPLACEMENT IN CEMENTITIOUS TILES WITH BOTTOM ASH ADDITIVE
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.55766/sujst12123Keywords:
Calcium Carbide Residue, Glass Waste, Bottom Ash, Ordinary Portland Cement, Physical Properties, Cementitious TilesAbstract
This study investigates the utilization of industrial waste materials, namely calcium carbide residue (CCR) and green glass cullet (GGC) as partial replacements for ordinary Portland cement (OPC) in cementitious tiles with bottom ash (BA) as an additive. OPC was partially replaced by CCR and GGC, either individually or in combination at total replacement levels of 5, 10, and 15 wt%. The influence of adding BA at 5 and 10 wt% was also examined. Specimens were cured for 7 and 28 days. At 28 days, the results showed that mixture B2 containing 5 wt% CCR as an OPC replacement exhibited a modulus of rupture (MOR) of 12.49 MPa, a breaking strength of 421.11 N, and water absorption of 15.13%. Meanwhile, mixture E1 comprising 5 wt% CCR as an OPC replacement and 5 wt% BA as an additive had an MOR of 12.81 MPa, a breaking strength of 452.87 N, and water absorption of 15.06%. Both mixtures maintained identical proportions of OPC, river sand, and laterite soil to the control mixture. The MOR and water absorption values of mixtures B2 and E1 met the ISO 13006 class BIII requirements, qualifying them as floor tiles based on the breaking strength criterion. Optical microscopy revealed that CaO-rich CCR and aluminosilicate-rich BA enhanced hydration and microstructural bonding, leading to pozzolanic reactions and calcium aluminosilicate hydrate (C-A-S-H), which contributed to strength development. This research demonstrates a sustainable approach for producing eco-friendly cementitious tiles by valorizing industrial by-products while reducing cement consumption and landfill waste.
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