DURABILITY AND STRENGTH VARIATION OF CONCRETE EXPOSED TO SEAWATER: INFLUENCE OF SUPPLEMENTARY CEMENTITIOUS MATERIALS
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.55766/sujst11612Keywords:
Concrete durability, Seawater exposure, PDSV, Fly ash, Silica fume, OPC, PSC, SRPC, SRRAbstract
This study examines the strength and durability of concrete mixes exposed to seawater. The role of SCMs as partial cement replacements is emphasised. Portland slag cement (PSC) and sulphate-resisting Portland cement (SRPC) were used as binders, each partially replaced with fly ash (FA) and silica fume (SF). Specimens were first cured in freshwater. These were then tested for mechanical properties at 7, 28, 56, and 91 days, for durability at 28 days, and for microstructural studies at 91 days. Later, the investigation assessed performance in seawater at the tidal zone of Visakhapatnam. After 28 days of freshwater curing, the specimens were transferred to the tidal zone. Strength was studied at 91, 180, and 365 days. Durability and microstructural properties were analysed at 91 days. The results showed clear differences among the mixes in per - day strength variation and long-term strength retention. PSC showed superior resistance to chloride- and sulphate-induced degradation due to slag's pozzolanic activity. SRPC, however, achieved the highest 1-year strength of about 50.9 MPa. The reduced formation of Friedel’s salts resulted in a denser, more compact matrix. These factors enhanced the mechanical and durability performance. The SRPC + FA + SF mixture proved most durable, showing the lowest values for RCPT, permeability, and carbonation depth. This mix was the least permeable and ideal for sulphate - and chloride-rich environments.
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