ENHANCEMENT OF CONCRETE COLUMN STRENGTH USING E-GLASS/EPOXY COMPOSITE LAMINATES
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.55766/sujst10769Keywords:
Concrete reinforcement, E-glass/epoxy composite laminate, Compressive strength, Vacuum bagging, Structural durabilityAbstract
This study explores the effectiveness of E-glass/epoxy composite laminates in enhancing the compressive strength of cylindrical concrete columns (CCCs). The research was driven by the need to develop more efficient, lightweight, and cost-effective reinforcement alternatives to conventional materials. To achieve this, cylindrical concrete specimens were fabricated in accordance with ASTM C39 standards and reinforced with one to five layers of E-glass/epoxy laminates using the vacuum bagging method. Compressive strength tests revealed that the application of E-glass/epoxy laminates markedly improved the load-bearing capacity of the columns, supported by statistical analysis including the Shapiro-Wilk test, Levene’s test, and ANOVA to ensure the reliability and significance of the results. The findings reveal that specimens wrapped with five layers of E-glass achieved the highest compressive strength, reaching 30.44 MPa-representing a 52% increase compared to unwrapped control specimens. Additionally, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was employed to investigate interfacial adhesion and damage patterns, revealing intact laminar structures and superior bonding characteristics. The study confirms that E-glass/epoxy laminates significantly enhance the structural integrity and load-bearing capacity of CCCs. These outcomes not only validate the potential of E-glass composites in structural rehabilitation but also contribute to the advancement of sustainable, high-performance materials in modern civil infrastructure applications. These findings highlight the practical potential of E-glass/epoxy laminates as a cost-effective and sustainable solution for strengthening and rehabilitating concrete infrastructure, thereby supporting the development of safer and longer-lasting civil engineering structures.
References
Abdelal, M. A., Mohammed, A., Afifi, M., & AbdelSalam, S. (2019). Analysis of compressive strength of glass fibre reinforced concrete using design of experiments. 2019 Novel Intelligent and Leading Emerging Sciences Conference (NILES), 138-141. https://doi.org/10.1109/NILES.2019.8909319
Ahmed, H. S. (2024). Inferential statistics for cardiothoracic surgeons: Part 3 – Drawing valid conclusions from clinical data. Indian Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, 41(2), 233-247. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12055-024-01867-7
Fakharifar, M., Chen, G., Wu, C., Shamsabadi, A., Elgawady, M. A., & Dalvand, A. (2016). Rapid repair of earthquake-damaged RC columns with prestressed steel jackets. Bridge Engineering, 1-15. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)BE.1943-5592.0000840
Gustina, M., Widjijono, W., & Wahyuningtyas, E. (2021). Enhancing the impact strength of acrylic resin base plate by adding non-dental E-glass fibre. Majalah Kedokteran Gigi Indonesia, 6, 106-110. https://doi.org/10.22146/MAJKEDGIIND.42939
Idrisi, A., Mourad, A., Abdel-Magid, B., Mozumder, M., & Afifi, Y. (2019). Impact of the harsh environment on E-glass epoxy composite. Materials and Fabrication, 6A(3), 223-235. https://doi.org/10.1115/PVP2019-93858
Joseph, L., Kumar, P. S., Chakravarthi, E. K., Mogal, A., Jayanarayanan, K., & Mini, K. M. (2023). Experimental and statistical investigation on synergistic effect of nano-based epoxy hybrid FRP on strength and durability of circular concrete columns. Developments in the Built Environment. 14 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dibe.2023.100163
Khatun, N. (2021). Applications of normality test in statistical analysis. Open Journal of Statistics, 11(1), 113-122. https://doi.org/10.4236/ojs.2021.111006
Kim, Y., & Cribbie, R. A. (2018). ANOVA and the variance homogeneity assumption: Exploring a better gatekeeper. British Journal of Mathematical and Statistical Psychology, 71(1), 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1111/bmsp.12103
Laghaei, R., Fashandi, H., Hejazi, S. M., Shaghaghi, S., & Shamaei-Kashani, A. (2021). Enhancing mechanical properties of biaxial E-glass fabric/epoxy composite using cellulose nanocrystals: Impact of mixing medium. Journal of Composite Materials, 55(24), 3325-3343. https://doi.org/10.1177/00219983211013388
Moudood, A., Rahman, A., Khanlou, H. M., Hall, W., Öchsner, A., & Francucci, G. (2019). Environmental effects on the durability and the mechanical performance of flax fibre/bio-epoxy composites. Composites Part B: Engineering, 171(3), 284-293. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesb.2019.05.032
Naser, A. A., & Fahad, B. (2018). Adhesion test for epoxy reinforcing using waste materials applied on concrete surfaces. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 433, 012004. https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/433/1/012004
Nwobi, F., & Akanno, F. (2021). Power comparison of ANOVA and Kruskal-Wallis tests when error assumptions are violated. Advances in Methodology and Statistics/Metodološki Zvezki, 18(2), 53-71.
Rajak, D., Pagar, D. D., Menezes, P., & Linul, E. (2019). Fibre-reinforced polymer composites: Manufacturing, properties, and applications. Polymers, 11(10), 1667. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym11101667
Sangeetha, P., & Shanmugapriya, M. (2020). GFRP wrapped concrete column compressive strength prediction through neural network. SN Applied Sciences, 2(1), 2036. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42452-020-03753-4
Sudhakar, R., & Partheeban, P. (2017). Strengthening of RCC column using glass fibre reinforced polymer. International Journal of Applied Engineering Research, 12(14), 4478-4483.
Vijayan, D. S., Mohan, A., Jebasingh Daniel, J., Gokulnath, V., Saravanan, B., & Kumar, P. D. (2021). Experimental investigation on the ecofriendly external wrapping of glass fibre reinforced polymer in concrete columns. Advances in Materials Science and Engineering, 2021, Article 2909033. https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/2909033
Wang, W., Mo, Z., Zhang, Y., & Chouw, N. (2022). Dynamic splitting tensile behaviour of concrete confined by natural flax and glass FRP. Polymers, 14(20), 4424. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym14204424
Wang, X., Peng, Z., Wu, Z., & Sun, S. (2019). High-performance composite bridge deck with prestressed basalt fibre-reinforced polymer shell and concrete. Engineering Structures, 201(1), 109852. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2019.109852
Yang, C., Wang, G., Zhao, J., & Zhao, G. (2021). Lightweight and strong glass fibre reinforced polypropylene composite foams achieved by mold-opening microcellular injection molding. Journal of Materials Research and Technology, 14(2), 2920-2931. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmrt.2021.08.052
Yang, L., Wang, H., & Gao, S. (2022). Study on axial compression behavior of concrete short columns confined by flax/glass fibre hybrid-reinforced epoxy resin composites. Polymers, 14(3), 517. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym14030517
Yu, Q., Li, X., & Gu, X. (2018). Durability of concrete with CFRP wrapping. MATEC Web Conferences, 199, 01005. https://doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201819909009
Yuhazri, M. Y., Amirhafizan, M. H., Tahkims, M. S., & Rusman. (2018). Mechanical properties of jute fabric laminated for pipe shape structure reinforced unsaturated polyester resin matrix composites. Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 12(2), 93-106.
Zulfikar, A. J., Ritonga, D. A. A., Pranoto, S., Nasution, A. K. A., Arif, Z., & Junaidi, J. (2023a). Analisis kekuatan mekanik komposit polimer diperkuat serbuk kulit kerang. Jurnal Rekayasa Material, Manufaktur dan Energi, 6(1), 30-40. https://doi.org/10.30596/rmme.v6i1.13599
Zulfikar, A. J., Ritonga, D. A. A., Purnomo, A., & Erdiansyah, T. (2024a). The influence of E-glass epoxy composite laminate material application on the crack pattern of cylinder concrete column cross-section. Jurnal Terapan Teknik Mesin, 5(1), 97-104. https://doi.org/10.37373/jttm.v5i1.889
Zulfikar, A. J., Yaakob, M. Y., & Gultom, R. P. (2024b). Analysis of the flexural strength of jute E-glass hybrid laminate composite materials. Material and Thermal Engineering Journal, 1(1), 32-39.
Zulfikar, A. J., Yaakob, M. Y., & Syah, R. (2023b). Application of E-glass jute hybrid laminate composite with curved shape on compressive strength of cylindrical column concrete. Journal of Applied Engineering and Technological Science, 5(1), 184-196. https://doi.org/10.37385/jaets.v5i1.2072
Zulfikar, A. J., & Yakoob, M. Y. (2023). Hybrid laminated composite casing as concrete reinforcement. Suranaree Journal of Science and Technology, 30(5), 1-10. https://doi.org/10.55766/sujst-2023-05-e0870
