Controlled Low-Strength Material (CLSM) from Industrial Waste Product of Kaolin
Keywords:
Controlled Low-Strength Material, Kaolin, Fly Ash, Back Fill MaterialAbstract
This research was conducted to study the strength properties of controlled low-strength material, with aggregate replaced by the industrial waste kaolin (IWK) at 1%, 3%, 5%, 7%, 9% and 11% of fly ash (FA); ordinary portland cement (OPC) was used as the binder. The strength properties were evaluated via the unconfined compression test at curing ages of 3, 7, 14, 28 and 60 days. The amount of water used in the mixture was selected by considering the results of the flow test and slump test to obtain the desired consistencies. The results showed that liquid condition of the controlled low-strength material from kaolin was affected by the amount of fly ash used. The use of fly ash with cement helped reduce the water requirement by 8% when compared with the use of only cement as the binder. The more fly ash added, the more water could be reduced. This is because the fly ash particle shape was spherical. As a result, when the water was added to the mixture, the surface was coated with such particles; fly ash then became a lubricant. An increase in the binder (increasing OPC: FA) in the range of 1% to 11% did not affect the amount of water required to cause collapse at a certain value. The use of fly ash in the ordinary cement at every volume resulted in the time reduction of the slump value. In addition, the results of the unconfined compression test showed that fracture of the samples that contained more cement, even at a shorter curing time, exhibited stress hardening behaviour. On the other hand, if the sample contained less cement, even at a longer curing time, it would show the stress softening behaviour. The controlled low-strength material from industrial waste of kaolin mixed with cement and fly ash could develop adequate strength to meet the demand of work based on the requirements of the ACI 229R (ACI, 1999) standard.
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