Perspective concerning MHC molecules in viral persistence

Tirasak Pasharawipas; Khurawan Kumkrong; Rungnapa Veeramano

Authors

Tirasak Pasharawipas Faculty of Medical Technology, Rangsit University, Patumthani 12000, Thailand
Khurawan Kumkrong Faculty of Medical Technology, Rangsit University, Patumthani 12000, Thailand
Rungnapa Veeramano Faculty of Medical Technology, Rangsit University, Patumthani 12000, Thailand

Keywords:

major histocompatibility complex, MHC molecule, pMHC, viral carrier, viral clearance, viral persistence

Abstract

The persistently viral infected individuals are a major source of viral carriers. The cause of the viral persistency has not been well understood. The key puzzle is that some of the virally infected people can recover without any specific treatment while others persisted with the viral agent. The effective immune cells to eliminate the viral agents are cytotoxic T cell (Tc), natural killer cell (NK), and macrophage. Known as the adaptive immune cell, Tc plays the most crucial role in the immune clearance of the viral agent. To be able to play its active role, Tc requires induction of pMHC which is a complex molecule of MHC (major histocompatibility complex) and a viral epitope. Each specific pMHC activates the compatible Tc clone through its receptor (Tc cell receptor). MHC gene alleles are highly polymorphic. The individual MHC variant possesses a different groove that is capable to bind a different range of antigenic epitopes. Without the compatible MHC molecule, in general, Tc clones cannot be activated by a particular viral epitope. This could be a reason to explain why some of the virally infected individuals cannot clear the viral agent out of their body perfectively and become the source of the viral carriers. This article discusses the association of the MHC molecule and the cause of viral persistency in some individuals.

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