Quantitative Analysis of Swertiamarin Content from Fagraea fragrans Leaf Extract using HPLC Technique and its Correlation to Antibacterial Activity

Parichart Hongsing; Chomlak Kongart; Nida Nuiden; Dhammika Leshan  Wannigama; Krittapat  Phairoh

doi:10.59796/jcst.V14N2.2024.34

Authors

Parichart Hongsing School of Integrative Medicine, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand & Mae Fah Luang University Hospital, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand
Chomlak Kongart Department of Thai Traditional Medicine, Ramkhamhaeng University, Bangkok 10240, Thailand
Nida Nuiden Department of Thai Traditional Medicine, Thaksin University, Phatthalung 93210, Thailand
Dhammika Leshan Wannigama Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
Krittapat Phairoh School of Integrative Medicine, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand & Mae Fah Luang University Hospital, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.59796/jcst.V14N2.2024.34

Keywords:

swertiamarin content, antimicrobial activity, herbal medicine, alternative medicine, traditional Thai medicine, secoiridoid glycosides, Fagraea fragrans

Abstract

The rise in drug resistance poses escalating challenges for antibacterial medications, leading to an urgent demand for the exploration and innovation of new antibacterial drugs. Fagraea fragrans Roxb., belonging to the Gentianaceae family, is one of the common herbal medicines which can be found abundantly in Southeast Asia. The secoiridoid glucoside swertiamarin, one of the major compounds in F. fragrans leaf, exhibits antimicrobial effects. To guarantee the medicinal effectiveness of F. fragrans leaves, it is essential to identify a standardized analytical method for quantifying the active compound. In this study, the optimized HPLC method following ICH guideline was validated for the quantitative analysis of swertiamarin content in F. fragrans leaf in terms of linearity (y = 5733.5x - 369.1; R2 = 0.9999), accuracy (93.57-96.39% recovery), precision (0.91% RSD for repeatability precision; 1.19% RSD for intermediate precision), limit of detection (0.73 µg/mL), limit of quantitation (2.23 µg/mL), specificity (peak purity index = 0.999995) and robustness (% RSD <1).The maximum wavelength of swertiamarin was found to be at 238 nm. The amount of swertiamarin content in F. fragrans leaf extract conducted from the validated HPLC method was found to be 0.0259 ± 0.0005 g/100 g crude drug. The leaf extract exhibited antimicrobial activity against clinical isolates of Enterobacter cloacae, Klebsiella pneumonia, and Escherichia coli at 0.125 mg/mL, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa at 0.5, showing minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values. Whereas swertiamarin exhibited even lower MIC values. The developed HPLC analysis effectively determines swertiamarin content as a chemical marker to ensure the antimicrobial potential of F. fragrans leaves.

Author Biography

Dhammika Leshan Wannigama, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok 10330, Thailand

Affiliation of Dhammika Leshan Wannigama^5,6,7,8,9,10

⁵Department of Infectious Diseases and Infection Control, Yamagata Prefectural Central Hospital, Yamagata, Japan

⁶ Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok, Thailand

⁷ Center of Excellence in Antimicrobial Resistance and Stewardship Research, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand

⁸ School of Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia

⁹ Biofilms and Antimicrobial Resistance Consortium of ODA receiving countries, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom

¹⁰ Pathogen Hunter's Research Team, Department of Infectious Diseases and Infection Control, Yamagata Prefectural Central Hospital, Yamagata, Japan

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