Grain yield stability of maize genotypes grown in paddy fields

Ratha Pha; Peeranuch Jompuk; Choosak Jompuk

Authors

Ratha Pha Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture at Kamphaeng Saen, Kasetsart University Kamphaeng Saen Campus, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand, 73140
Peeranuch Jompuk Department of Applied Radiation and Isotopes, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand, 10900
Choosak Jompuk Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture at Kamphaeng Saen, Kasetsart University Kamphaeng Saen Campus, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand, 73140

Keywords:

dry season, GGE, maize, paddy field, stability, multi-environment trials

Abstract

Breeding work for identifying the high performance and stable genotypes appropriate for environmental situations in different fields is an important task in maize breeding programs. The objective of this study was to identify high yielding and stable maize hybrids in irrigated paddy fields in the dry season in Thailand. Three new hybrid varieties (Suwan 5720, Suwan 5819 and Suwan 5821) from the National Corn and Sorghum Research Center, and three commercial cultivars (Nakhon Sawan 3, Nakhon Sawan 5, and S 7328) from public and private agencies, were planted and evaluated for grain yield stability in paddy fields in the dry season. Fourteen experimental yield trials were conducted in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with four replications in Saraburi, Chai Nat, and Phra Nakhon Si Ayutthaya provinces in the dry seasons of 2018-2021. The genotype main effect plus genotype by environment interaction (GGE) model was used to analyze yield stability. The combined analysis of variance showed that the effect of the environment, genotype and genotype-environment interaction (GEI) of grain yield had highly significant differences. The commercial cultivar S7328 (b=0.84) performed the highest grain yield and yield stability, followed by the new hybrid, Suwan 5821(b=0.89), then Nakhon Sawan 5 (b=0.91), Suwan 5720 (b=0.81), and Nakhon Sawan 3 (b=0.97) except Suwan 5819 (b=1.58) had more variation. Based on the GGE model, the biplot explained 76.42% of total variation with PC1 (56.91%) and PC2 (19.51%). S7328 and Suwan 5821 had high yield stability and grain yield, whereas Nakhon Sawan 3 and Nakhon Sawan 5 had the highest grain stability with less grain yield. Therefore, the new hybrid Suwan 5821 could be recommended to farmers for planting in paddy fields during the dry season with irrigation.

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