Exploring The in vitro Efficacy of Psidium Guajava Leaf Oil Against Cutibacterium Granulosum

Nuttakorn Baisaeng; Srikanjana Klayruang

doi:10.59796/jcst.V13N3.2023.1032

Authors

Nuttakorn Baisaeng School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Phayao, Phayao 56000, Thailand
Srikanjana Klayruang Division of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Maejo University, Chiang Mai 50290, Thailand

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.59796/jcst.V13N3.2023.1032

Keywords:

acne vulgaris, essential oil, Psidium gaujava leaves, Cutibacterium

Abstract

One potential approach to treat acne vulgaris is by utilizing Cutibacterium granulosum (C. granulosum) to break down the biofilm formed by Cutibacterium acnes (C. acnes). When using cosmeceutical products containing certain essential oils, as they may have the unintended effect of eliminating C. granulosum, leading to the potential development of more severe acne vulgaris in the long term. No data for Psidium guajava (guava) leaves oil against C. granulosum has been reported. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate in vitro antimicrobial activity of guava leaves oil against C. granulosum. This oil was extracted from the guava leaves by hydrodistillation using a clevenger-type apparatus. Then, the chemical compositions of this crude oil were identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The percentage yield of this essential oil was 0.13 ± 0.2% (w/w) on fresh weight basis. The major compounds were β-caryophyllene (25.50%), limonene (11.58%), caryophyllene oxide (3.43%),a-copaene (2.92%), 1,8-cineole (2.08%), and a-pinene (1.28%). This essential oil exerted a potent antioxidant capacity with the half maximal inhibitory concentration of 32.7 ± 0.3 mg/ml from 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method. Additionally, the essential oil of guava leaves showed the susceptibility of C. granulosum by agar disc diffusion method with 22 ± 0.2 mm of clear inhibition zone. This essential oil also possessed against C. granulosum with the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bacterial concentration (MBC) of 3.125 µg/ml and 6.25 µg/ml from the broth microdilution susceptibility test. From these findings, this essential oil exhibited notable synergistic antioxidant and antimicrobial activities against C. granulosum.

References

Adam, F., Vahirua-Lechat, I., Deslandes, E., & Menut, C. (2011). Aromatic plants of French Polynesia. V. Chemical composition of essential oils of leaves of Psidium guajava L. and Psidium cattleyanum Sabine. Journal of Essential Oil Research, 23(1), 98-101. https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2011.9700433

Athikomkulchai, S., Watthanachaiyingcharoen, R., Tunvichien, S., Vayumhasuwan, P., Karnsomkiet, P., Sae-Jong, P., Ruangrungsi, N. (2008). The development of anti-acne products from Eucalyptus globulus and Psidium guajava oil. Journal of Health Research, 22(3), 109-113.

Bronnec, V., & Alexeyev, O. A. (2021). In vivo model of propionibacterium (cutibacterium) spp. biofilm in drosophila melanogaster. Anaerobe, 72, Article 102450. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anaerobe.2021.102450

Bronnec, V., Eilers, H., Jahns, A. C., Omer, H., & Alexeyev, O. A. (2022). Propionibacterium (Cutibacterium) granulosum extracellular DNase BmdE targeting propionibacterium (Cutibacterium) acnes biofilm matrix, a novel inter-species competition mechanism. Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology, 11, Article 1337. https://doi.org/10.3389/fcimb.2021.809792

Chen, C., Krishnan, V., Macon, K., Manne, K., Narayana, S. V., & Schneewind, O. (2013). Secreted proteases control autolysin-mediated biofilm growth of Staphylococcus aureus. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 288(41), 29440-29452. https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M113.502039

Coenye, T., Peeters, E., & Nelis, H. J. (2007). Biofilm formation by Propionibacterium acnes is associated with increased resistance to antimicrobial agents and increased production of putative virulence factors. Research in microbiology, 158(4), 386-392. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resmic.2007.02.001

da Silva, J. D., Luz, A. I. R., da Silva, M. H. L., Andrade, E. H. A., Zoghbi, M. D. G. B., & Maia, J. G. S. (2003). Essential oils of the leaves and stems of four Psidium spp. Flavour and Fragrance Journal, 18(3), 240-243. https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.1219

Dessinioti, C., & Katsambas, A. (2017). Propionibacterium acnes and antimicrobial resistance in acne. Clinics in dermatology, 35(2), 163-167. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clindermatol.2016.10.008

Dhouioui, M., Boulila, A., Chaabane, H., Zina, M. S., & Casabianca, H. (2016). Seasonal changes in essential oil composition of Aristolochia longa L. ssp. paucinervis Batt. (Aristolochiaceae) roots and its antimicrobial activity. Industrial Crops and Products, 83, 301-306. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2016.01.025

Jahns, A. C., Eilers, H., Ganceviciene, R., & Alexeyev, O. A. (2015). Propionibacterium species and follicular keratinocyte activation in acneic and normal skin. British Journal of Dermatology, 172(4), 981-987. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjd.13436

Ji, X. D., Pu, Q. L., Garraffo, H. M., & Pannell, L. K. (1991). The essential oil of the leaves of Psidium guajava L. Journal of Essential Oil Research, 3(3), 187-189. https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.1991.9700501

Krongkeha, W., & Pitaktim, S. (2022). Growth inhibition of Escherichia coliand Pseudomonas aeruginosastrains by Piper betleLinn. extracts. Journal of Current Science and Technology, 12(1), 141-150.

Kumar, A., Semwal, R., Chauhan, A., Semwal, R. B., Andola, H. C., Joshi, S. K., & Semwal, D. K. (2023). Microscopic identification, GC-MS analysis of essential oil and antioxidant activity of Artemisia roxburghiana. Journal of Current Science and Technology, 13(1), 36-45.

Mandal, A. K., Paudel, S., Pandey, A., Yadav, P., Pathak, P., Grishina, M., ... & Verma, A. (2022). Guava Leaf Essential Oil as a Potent Antioxidant and Anticancer Agent: Validated through Experimental and Computational Study. Antioxidants, 11(11), Article 2204. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox11112204

Matias, E. F., Alves, E. F., Silva, M. K., Carvalho, V. R., Figueredo, F. G., Ferreira, J. V., ... & Costa, J. G. (2016). Seasonal variation, chemical composition and biological activity of the essential oil of Cordia verbenacea DC (Boraginaceae) and the sabinene. Industrial Crops and Products, 87, 45-53. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2016.04.028

Ogunwande, I. A., Olawore, N. O., Adeleke, K. A., Ekundayo, O., & Koenig, W. A. (2003). Chemical composition of the leaf volatile oil of Psidium guajava L. growing in Nigeria. Flavour and Fragrance Journal, 18(2), 136-138. https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.1175

Pino, J. A., Ortega, A., & Rosado, A. (1999). Volatile constituents of guava (Psidium guajava L.) fruits from Cuba. Journal of Essential Oil Research, 11(5), 623-628. https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.1999.9701227

Satyal, P., Paudel, P., Lamichhane, B., & Setzer, W. N. (2015). Leaf essential oil composition and bioactivity of Psidium guajava from Kathmandu, Nepal. American Journal of Essential Oils and Natural Products, 3(2), 11-14.