Development of an IoT-Based Smart Farming System Powered by Solar Energy with Supplemental LED Lighting for Green Cos Lettuce Cultivation
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Abstract
This paper presents the design and implementation of a smart farming system for Green Cos lettuce cultivation using solar energy as the primary power source. The objective is to optimize resource usage and enhance plant growth through an automated control system based on the ESP8266 microcontroller. The system monitors and controls environmental factors, including soil moisture, ambient temperature, and light intensity, accessible via a web application. Additionally, LED grow lights were employed to extend the photoperiod by 2 hours daily. The experimental results compared the growth of Green Cos lettuce between the proposed smart farm system and a conventional method over 35 days. The results revealed that the smart farm system significantly improved growth rates; the average height of lettuce in the smart farm was 51 cm, compared to 41.5 cm in the conventional method. Furthermore, the smart farm system reduced the harvest time from 42 days to 35 days. These findings demonstrate the efficiency of integrating IoT and renewable energy in precision agriculture.
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