Bit Error Probability Analysis for Massive MIMO Wireless Communications utilizing Zero Forcing Precoding

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Published: Jun 2, 2026
Keywords:
Massive Multiple-Input Multiple-Output, Zero forcing precoding and Rayleigh fading channel

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Ditsapon Chumchewkul
Department of Telecommunication Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Rajamangala University of Technology Rattanakosin, Salaya campus, Thailand

Abstract

This article derives bit error probability (BEP) for massive multiple-input, multiple-output (M-MIMO) wireless communication, utilizing zero-forcing precoding. Frequency-flat fading channel is focused on this research work. The author utilizes the first-order Neumann series to analyze a closed-form expression for the normalization factor of the M-MIMO system, and proves that the probability distribution function (PDF) for the effective noise approaches the Gaussian distribution. A closed-form expression for the variance is additionally analyzed, and the derived PDF is then chosen to analyze the BEP for the M-MIMO system, utilizing B/QPSK (Binary/Quadrature phase shift keying) and 𝑀-QAM (𝑀-ary Quadrature amplitude modulation), with Gray-coded mapping. The analytical results are validated through Monte-Carlo simulation, and the empirical results confirmed that the derived BEP significantly matched the exact results. Focusing on a system with 512 transmit antennas and 20 users, the derived BEP for 16-QAM at ðļ𝑏/𝑁0 = -5 dB was 4 × 10-3, and the deviation between the analysis and the exact BEP was only 4.78 × 10-6. Thus, the proposed BEP analysis can be utilized for analyzing performance of M-MIMO system efficiently.

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How to Cite
[1]
D. Chumchewkul, “Bit Error Probability Analysis for Massive MIMO Wireless Communications utilizing Zero Forcing Precoding”, TEEJ, vol. 6, no. 2, pp. 8–15, Jun. 2026.
Issue
Vol. 6 No. 2 (2026): May - August
Section
Research article
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