Study on the Potential of Co-pelletizing Fuel from Municipal Wastewater Treatment System Sludge, Tea Ground, and Coffee Ground
Keywords:
Sludge, Tea Ground, Coffee Ground, Co-pelletizing Fuel, Renewable EnergyAbstract
Background and Objectives: To utilize sludge from wastewater treatment system and the high calorific value characteristics of tea and coffee grounds to their maximum benefits, the present research used these materials to produce co-pellet fuel. The appropriate ratio for fuel production and the characteristics of the co-pellet fuel were then investigated.
Methodology: Experiments were conducted at different ratios of municipal wastewater treatment sludge, tea ground and coffee ground of 1:1:1, 1:2:1, 2:1:1, 3:1:1, 3:1:2 and 3:2:1. The resulting samples were assessed for their fuel characteristics according to the standards set by the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM).
Main Results: The sludge from the wastewater treatment system was noted to be unsuitable for fuel production. On the other hand, co-pellet fuel could be produced by mixing the sludge with tea ground and coffee ground at a ratio of 1:1:2. The resulting mixture had a moisture content of 20%, an ash content of 5.96 ± 0.97% and a heating value of 4,796 ± 49 kcal/kg. Additionally, when a 1:2:3 ratio was used, the co-pellet fuel exhibited the longest combustion time, lasting 385 seconds.
Conclusions: The co-pellet fuel prepared at a ratio of municipal wastewater treatment sludge, tea ground and coffee ground of 1:1:2 could be effectively pelletized. Its ash content and heating value meet the standards outlined in the guidelines for processing waste materials into fuel pellets and briquettes established by the Department of Industrial Works. Additionally, they comply with the Industrial Product Standard for Compressed Biomass Fuel Pellets, as specified by the Thai Industrial Standard (TIS) 2772-2560.
Practical Application: Co-pellet fuel produced from the sludge of municipal wastewater treatment system in combination with tea grounds and coffee grounds can serve as an alternative energy source for households and has the potential to be transferred to industrial applications.
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