Application of FTIR Microspectroscopy to Monitor Biochemical Changes in Apoptotic Jurkat Cell Death Induced by Extract of Pseuderanthemum palatiferum Leaves

Benjawan Dunkhuntho; Benjamart Chitsomboon; Kanjana Thummanu; Patcharawan Sittisart

Authors

Benjawan Dunkhuntho School of Pre-clinic, Institute of Science, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand
Benjamart Chitsomboon School of Biology, Institute of Science, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand
Kanjana Thummanu BL 4.1 IR spectroscopy and Imaging, Synchrotron Light Research Institute (Public Organization), Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand
Patcharawan Sittisart Division of Environmental Science, Faculty of Liberal Arts and Science, Sisaket Rajabhat University, Sisaket, Thailand

Keywords:

Pseuderanthemum palatiferum, Jurkat Cells, Normal Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells, Fourier-transform Infrared Spectroscopy, Apoptosis

Abstract

This study aimed to investigate cytotoxicity of Pseuderanthemum palatiferum leave extract against Jurkat cells as compared to that against normal peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) microspectroscopy was applied to evaluate biochemical changes in apoptotic Jurkat cell death. P. palatiferum leaves were extracted with 95% ethanol solution. Cytotoxicity of the extract on Jurkat cells and PBMCs were determined by 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. The extract exhibited preferential cytotoxicity towards Jurkat cells but possessed lower toxicity against normal PBMCs when exposed to the same concentrations of the extract. Interestingly, the extract induced apoptotic cell death on Jurkat cells in both dose- and time-dependent manners as evidenced by the distribution of cytochrome C from mitochondria to cytosol. FTIR microspectroscopy confirmed the apoptosis-inducing activity of the extract towards Jurkat cells as indicated by the differences in the intensity of FTIR spectra bands in lipid and nucleic acid regions being responsible for discrimination of the mode of cell death. These findings may indicate that FTIR spectroscopy could be of potential use in identifying apoptotic cell death. Nevertheless, further biochemical assays should be performed to confirm the changes in FTIR spectra within lipid and nucleic acids regions.

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