Development of Knockdown Artificial Reef Designs Using Reinforced Concrete and Fiberglass Reinforced Plastic Fastened with Superlene Bolts

Wittawat Sittigool; Narongdej Intaratchaiyakit; Sattawat Haruehansapong; Pruchaya Yoddumrong; Tosporn Prasertsri; Jirawat Junruang; Phattrasuda Phosri; Prapaiphun Sittigool

Authors

Wittawat Sittigool Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Rajamangala University of Technology Tawan-ok, Uthenthawai Campus, Bangkok, Thailand
Narongdej Intaratchaiyakit Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Rajamangala University of Technology Tawan-ok, Uthenthawai Campus, Bangkok, Thailand
Sattawat Haruehansapong Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Rajamangala University of Technology Tawan-ok, Uthenthawai Campus, Bangkok, Thailand
Pruchaya Yoddumrong Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Rajamangala University of Technology Tawan-ok, Uthenthawai Campus, Bangkok, Thailand
Tosporn Prasertsri Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Rajamangala University of Technology Tawan-ok, Uthenthawai Campus, Bangkok, Thailand
Jirawat Junruang Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Rajamangala University of Technology Tawan-ok, Uthenthawai Campus, Bangkok, Thailand
Phattrasuda Phosri Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Rajamangala University of Technology Tawan-ok, Uthenthawai Campus, Bangkok, Thailand
Prapaiphun Sittigool Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agricultural-Industry Technology Management, Rajamangala University of Technology Suwanabhumi, Huntra Center, Ayuthaya, Thailand

Keywords:

Artificial Reef, Reinforced Concrete, Ecology, Marine Ecosystem

Abstract

This article presents the development of knockdown artificial reef designs using fiberglass reinforced plastic and reinforced concrete. Three artificial reef designed, named as Uthenthawai 4, 5 and 6, were developed. The artificial reefs used in this study were made of reinforced concrete, fiber-reinforced concrete, and fiber-reinforced plastic. The concrete with compressive strength of 210 kg/cm² was prepared using Portland cement type V and 9-mm diameter reinforced round steel bar (RB9). Superlean bolts, which were used to join artificial reef fragments, exhibited a hardness value of 70 Shore D and diameter of 25 mm. The artificial reefs Uthenthawai 4, 5, and 6 weighed around 450, 285, and 180 kg, respectively. According to the test results, Uthenthawai 6 had the maximum flexural strength. In terms of shear strength, Uthenthawai 4 was noted to have the highest value when compared with those of the other designs. Thirty-five and thirty-eight pieces of Uthenthawai 4 and 5, respectively, were sent to the sea. Ecological investigation revealed that of the 20 Uthenthawai 4 discovered, none suffered any collapse. In the case of Uthenthawai 5, 31 were discovered; 19 were damaged. Thirty two and seventeen species of fish were observed within the vicinity of both designs, respectively. Such observations confirm that Uthenthawai 4 and 5 can effectively attract marine lives and coverage. The study also reveals that the knockdown artificial reefs connected together with superlene bolts have a potential to be used as a residential community for marine lives and can take part in the conservation of the marine ecosystem.

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