Application of Soda-Lime-Silica Cullet as a Fluxing Component in a Vitreous China Ware Casting Body
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Abstract
This study explores the potential of using ground container glass cullet as a partial or complete replacement for feldspar in vitreous sanitary ware casting bodies. Developed bodies, fluxed partially and fully with glass, were evaluated for their casting characteristics and physical fired properties. The results indicate that slips containing glass powder responded strongly to deflocculants, while most casting properties were satisfactorily maintained. As an auxiliary flux, glass powder increased vitrification in the feldspar-fluxed formula and lowered the maturing temperature. However, excessive glass addition led to a shortened firing range. Complete replacement of feldspar with glass powder is not feasible without increasing the proportion of refractory materials, such as kaolin and flint, in the mixture. This adjustment allows for the inclusion of up to 7.5% glass powder. The reformulated glass-fluxed composition, which retained key characteristics, demonstrated potential as a viable alternative to feldspar-fluxed compositions, exhibiting similar forming and firing behavior. XRD and SEM analyses revealed the presence of various phases and microstructures, particularly cristobalite and mullite, which were associated with certain macrostructural properties.
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