Journal of the Thai Ceramic Society

Effect of Microwave Heating on Increasing Strength of Soda-Lime Glass by KNO3-Calcined Kaolin Slurry Spray Coating Technique

Pathomporn Ussawanawachat — 2026-05-31

This research investigated the effect of microwave heating on increasing the strength of soda-lime glass using a KNO₃-calcined kaolin slurry spray coating technique. Glass samples were coated using a spray technique and subjected to 1200W microwave heating at 40-50% power for 10-20 minutes in an alumina chamber with silicon carbide susceptor, followed by electric furnace treatment at 470°C for 0-4 hours. The mechanical properties were evaluated through flexural strength testing and Vickers microhardness measurements. Light transmission was analyzed using UV-VIS spectrophotometry, and potassium ion diffusion was examined using SEM-EDS. Results showed that microwave heating at 40% power for 10 minutes followed by electric furnace treatment at 470°C for 4 hours yielded the highest mechanical properties, with flexural strength reaching 370.65 MPa. The light transmission remained at 89%, equivalent to untreated glass, while achieving a potassium ion diffusion depth of 16 µm.

Porosity and opacity of papers using HDPE catalyst production waste as a paper filler

Wantanee Buggakupta — 2026-05-31

This research work observed the variation of air resistance of paper handsheets using a high-density polyethylene (HDPE) catalyst waste, a by-product from a HDPE catalyst production, as a filler. Chemically, this waste composition is ceramic based. The as-received waste was in the form of mud, therefore, it had to be oven-dried and ground before applying into the papermaking. The dried waste was finely ground and screened through a series of sieves to get dry powder with various sizes, covering 4 different sizes: over 80, 80-100, 100-200 and under 200 mesh. The waste powders were replaced with conventional and commercial fillers: kaolin clay and ground calcium carbonate (GCC), in the filler to fiber weight ratio of 15:85. Then, fiber pulpstock and filler materials were thoroughly blended in water to make handsheets of standard grammage of 63, without retention aid. Air resistance of the handsheets was examined by Gurley method to define porosity. The work revealed that particle size of the HDPE waste filler altered the air resistance of the handsheets, representing the porosity along the paper thickness. The handsheet papers with HDPE waste filler contained higher pore content compared with those with conventional kaolin and GCC at the same filler load as well as paper gram. However, it was noticed that smaller particle size facilitated air penetration compared to the larger one. The HDPE catalyst waste also provided slightly higher opacity relative to the conventional ones, approximately 87-89%, however, this property was slightly sensitive to filler particle sizes. This suggested that the use of HDPE catalyst waste in papermaking offered ink absorption and may affect printing ability

The design of a modular storage product for housing amulets and sacred objects.

Phiphat Chit-arirak — 2026-05-31

Amulets and sacred objects are widely revered and commonly kept in domestic spaces for spiritual inspiration and as symbols of faith. Many individuals collect these items to invite auspiciousness and positive energy into their homes. However, improper storage or excessive accumulation can lead to physical damage and disorganization. This issue has prompted the design and development of a modular storage product specifically intended for housing amulets and sacred objects within residential environments.

The inspiration for this project arises from the need to address the challenges faced by a target group seeking a suitable and aesthetically pleasing storage solution. The design incorporates principles of modular arrangement, enabling components to be flexibly assembled in a variety of configurations. This modular system supports both organized and visually harmonious storage arrangements. The design concept is influenced by the geometric forms of stupas (chedi) and bodhi leaves, which are not only symbolically significant in Thai Buddhist culture but also lend themselves naturally to modular structuring. These elements can be arranged in multiple patterns, and the application of ornamental motifs further enhances the visual appeal of the product. The project comprises a total of seven items: six small-sized storage units and one large vertical shelving unit. The production process involved the creation of plaster molds and slip casting with stoneware clay, Bisque firing was conducted at 800°C. Surface decoration was applied using blue and reddish-orange slip painting. Two glaze variations were employed: the first set was finished with a light orange glaze, while the second set was glazed with a transparent glaze. Final glaze firing was performed at 1,200°C.

The results of this project demonstrate a practical and culturally informed storage solution that not only ensures the appropriate preservation and usability of amulets and sacred objects but also enhances the organization and aesthetic quality of the domestic environment. Moreover, the modular design adds adaptability and elevates the perceived value of these revered items.

Designing Ratchaburi’s souvenirs for enhance personnel skills and competencies training to create income from creative works

Chanon Krairos — 2026-05-31

“Designing Ratchaburi’s souvenirs for enhance personnel skills and competencies training to create income from creative works” is the sub-research project title, under the main project “Designing Ratchaburi’s artworks for training to enhance skills and performance to generate income for the agency”. Its purposes are 1) to design and produce creative works suitable for use as models for generating income, and 2) to train and strengthen skills, create knowledge for personnel, entrepreneurs, and related agencies to apply the prototype work to maximum benefit.

The researcher conducts research by collecting, studying, surveying the area, and having group discussions. The design idea aimed to showcase the cultural capital of pottery and ceramics, which has been famous from the past to the present, and align the creative works with the context of the National Museum, Ratchaburi. The three sets of creative works developed were: 1) NM Rajburi Mug, a U Shape coffee mug made from a plaster mold with an R-shaped handle representing Ratchaburi. 2) NM Rajburi Blue & White Decal, a decal design pattern featuring antique masterpieces from the Dvaravati era displayed at the National Museum, Ratchaburi. And 3) NM Rajburi Neck pendant, jewelry pendants, necklaces and earrings made from glass sheets using the fusing technique in a microwave oven, considered a new technique not yet widespread in Thailand.

The tools used included 1) Interview forms, 2) Practical assessment forms to test work processes, and 3) Activity satisfaction assessment forms. For the results of analysis of practical assessment to test work processes, the preparation steps, procedure, and post-implementation steps were found to be at a very good level. The satisfaction assessment form for users (4 areas) and visitors (3 areas) indicated that every aspect was in the highest criteria.

Keywords: Souvenir; Fusing with microwave; Jewelry; Decal; Museum

AETHER: Glass as a Medium for Atmospheric Spatial Design in Urban Contexts

oleksandra Polyakova — 2026-05-31

AETHER investigates the potential of glass as a medium for generating atmospheric spatial conditions within dense urban environments. Situated in Bangkok, the project responds to the city’s overstimulated context by proposing a temporary architectural installation that creates a space for pause, reflection, and sensory recalibration.

The research explores how modular glass block systems transform light into a spatial and perceptual experience. Through the interaction of natural and artificial light, the installation produces shifting visual effects that evolve throughout the day and night (Figures 1 and 2). Glass is treated not merely as a construction material, but as an active agent that filters, diffuses, and reconfigures perception.

The design process combines material experimentation, field observation, and iterative prototyping, informed by local glass production processes in Thailand. The installation integrates ephemeral elements such as mist, sound, and vegetation to enhance its atmospheric qualities. These components soften spatial boundaries, blur visual clarity, and introduce temporal variation.

AETHER repositions the glass block, commonly associated with utilitarian construction, as a medium for sensory and spatial exploration. The project demonstrates how material-driven design can generate immersive environments that engage perception and encourage stillness.

The research contributes to ongoing discourse on atmospheric architecture, proposing that temporary installations can act as micro-retreats within the city. It highlights the capacity of architectural interventions to mediate between materiality, perception, and urban experience, offering an alternative approach to designing for well-being in contemporary urban contexts.