International Electrical Engineering Transactions

Development of Real-time Digit Recognition System Based on FPGA

2026-02-22T07:53:17+07:00

With the rapid development of intelligent devices, the demand for automatic recognition of digital information as license plate recognition, instrument reading recognition and industrial coding recognition is growing increasingly. Digit recognition relies on image processing and pattern recognition technologies, but traditional software-driven methods and early FPGA-based systems face critical limitations in embedded scenarios. Early feature matching and geometric feature-based recognition methods verified accuracy but ignored embedded resource constraints, while existing FPGA applications suffered from cumbersome algorithms leading to insufficient real-time performance. Additionally, traditional PC-based algorithms fail to meet embedded requirements due to excessive computational complexity and power consumption, whereas FPGA’s high parallelism and low power consumption make it ideal for data-intensive image processing. To address these gaps, this paper proposes a simplified and efficient FPGA-based real-time digit recognition system. Combining the OV5640 camera to complete image acquisition, and realizes real- time recognition of printed digits through steps such as color space conversion, binarization processing, projection segmentation, and digital feature matching. to resolve computational complexity and real-time issues, enabling stable printed digit recognition in embedded vision applications. Experimental results show that the method has a clear structure and good real-time performance, can stably realize the digit recognition function on the embedded hardware platform, and has certain engineering application value.

Fiber Optic Cable Production Process: Problems and Solutions

2026-03-24T09:08:00+07:00

With the advancement of technology, people's living standards have significantly improved, and the emergence and application of optical fibers have accelerated this progress. The use of optical fibers is extens ive; this stable and cost effective technology is driving rapid technological development. For example, the AI technology being vigorously developed globally, submarine cables spanning oceans, or drones and space communication devices that use fiber optic signals to prevent signal interference in modern warfare. The objective of this work is to collect the problems in fiber optic cable production line in manufacturing. Problems and solutions of fiber optic cable production in practice have been described.

Retracted to Spin Seebeck Effect in Fe/Co and Co/Pt layers of Thin Films Using First Principle and Experimental Setup

2026-06-02T12:02:06+07:00

This paper was retracted and resubmitted for the review process.
This research is focusing to examining the electronic structure and electrical properties of the Fe/Co and Co/Pt systems
in comparison with the Fe/Pt system through the use of Density Functional Theory (DFT). The results indicate that the Fe/Co and Co/ Pt systems exhibit significantly less electrical mismatch than the Fe/ Pt system, as evidenced by a broader distribution of the Total Density of States (TDOS) near the Fermi energy level. Further analysis of the Projected Density of States (PDOS) for the d orbitals of Fe and Co in the Fe/Co system, and of Co and Pt in the Co/ Pt system, confirms that the predominant characteristics of both systems are driven by the influence of d orbitals. This insight is critical for the selection of materials for the investigation of the Spin Seebeck Effect (SSE) , particularly in understanding the electrical conductivity and magnetic properties of the materials of interest prior to experimental trials. This study deepens the understanding of the relationship between electronic structure and the electrical and magnetic properties of materials, which is vital for the design and application of materials in spintronics technology, especially in studying the Spin Seebeck Effect. This phenomenon involves the conversion of thermal energy into electrical energy using the spin of electrons.